247 research outputs found
Nonconjugate adaptation of human saccades to anisometropic spectacles: Meridian-specificity
Abstract
Recently it has been demonstrated that saccades become different in size in the two eyes if a subject is adapted to anisometropic spectacles, which provide visual images of different magnitude to the two eyes. These nonconjugate adaptations adequately meet the requirements of those spectacles and, once acquired, they persist (with some reduction) even during monocular viewing. We now demonstrate that such nonconjugate adaptations of saccades can be meridian-specific, if there is a pressure for such meridian-specificity. This pressure was provided by means of a cylindrical spectacle-lens. Adaptations along a vertical, horizontal or oblique meridian did not transfer to the orthogonal meridian. These results demonstrate a capability of saccadic adaptation to deal with calibration problems restricted not only to one eye, but even to one specific plane of muscular action. Our results also suggest that the meridian-specific adaptations of oblique saccades take place at a stage before the decomposition of motor commands into separate horizontal and vertical components. The meridian-specific nonconjugacies were also expressed in smooth-pursuit eye movements. Post-saccadic drift adapted only along the horizontal meridian
The relationship between standard automated perimetry and GDx VCC measurements
PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between retinal light sensitivity
measured with standard automated perimetr
Asymmetrical adaptation of human saccades to anisometropic spectacles
Saccades are the rapid eye movements which enable us to voluntarily shift our gaze
from one visual target to another. They serve to bring newly selected visual targets to
the fovea of each of the two eyes, which is a small part of the retina with high visual
acuity. This accurate, binocular control of saccades requires a high quality of oculomotor
coordination. During the course of a lifetime, the various structures involved in the
generation and the control of saccades may be subject to change, due to, for example,
growth, ageing, disease or injury. These changes will undoubtedly affect saccadic control,
and, consequently, jeopardize its quality. To safeguard its proper functioning, the
oculomotor system will therefore have to adapt adequately to such changes. As these
changes probably take place haphazardly, at different places, with different time-courses
and with different degrees of severity, the saccadic subsystem should be capable of
adapting specifically to such non-uniform changes. Adaptation of saccades has been
described in the literature subsequent to local, physical damage to external eye muscles,
as well as to purely visual stimuli (for a review, see Chapter 2). The aim of this thesis
was to assess both qualitatively and quantitatively how the sa~cadic subsystem responds
to a consistent visual pressure for an asymmetrical adaptation, i.e., adaptation that is
different for each of the two eye
Upper eyelid motility in blepharoptosis and in the aging eyelid
PURPOSE. To study the metrics of lid saccades in blepharoptosis and to
distinguish any differences in the dynamics of eyelid movements that are
related to the cause of blepharoptosis and to aging. METHODS. The lid and
vertical eye saccades of 7 patients with congenital blepharoptosis and
those of 18 patients with aponeurogenic blepharoptosis, either
involutional or rigid-contact-lens-induced, were recorded with
electromagnetic search coils. For each saccade, two parameters were
assessed: amplitude and peak velocity. Two age-matched control groups were
assessed in the same manner. Repeated measures analysis of variance was
used to investigate any observed differences between the included groups.
RESULTS. Congenital and rigid-contact-lens-induced blepharoptosis were
readily distinguishable from one another, as well as from the age-matched
control group, in both lid saccadic amplitude and peak velocity. For
example, 40 degrees downward lid saccades in the congenital blepharoptosis
group averaged 22.9 degrees +/- 4.0 degrees (SD), whereas 30.0 degrees +/-
4.7 degrees lid saccades were made by the age-matched control group. The
subjects in the two groups with aponeurogenic blepharoptosis also made lid
saccades that were distinctive for their group (P: < 0.02), in both
amplitude and peak velocity. For 40 degrees downward saccades in
involutional and rigid-contact-lens-induced blepharoptosis, lid saccadic
amplitude averaged 32.7 degrees +/- 4.3 degrees and 40.3 degrees +/- 3.5
degrees, respectively. Lid saccadic peak velocity declined significantly
with age. Lid saccadic peak velocity for 40 degrees upward saccades in the
younger control group averaged 401.7 +/- 11.4 deg/sec, whereas the older
control group achieved an average peak velocity of 360.7 +/- 60.4 deg/sec.
The lid saccadic dynamics in the involutional blepharoptosis group proved
to be similar (P: > 0.05) in saccadic amplitude and peak velocity to those
of age-matched controls. CONCLUSIONS. In diffe
Cost-Effectiveness of Monitoring Glaucoma Patients in Shared Care: an Economic Evaluation alongside a Randomized Controlled Trial
A very short version of the Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-3oo7) for use as a routinely applied Patient-Reported Outcome Measure
Automated detection of wedge-shaped defects in polarimetric images of the retinal nerve fibre layer
Purpose: Automated glaucoma detection in images obtained by scanning laser polarimetry is currently insensitive to local abnormalities, impairing its performance. The purpose of this investigation was to tes
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