Antioxidant and anitoperoxidative effect of polypeptides from common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, cv BRS Pontal) / Efeito antioxidante e anitoperoxidativo dos polipéptidos do feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris, cv BRS Pontal)

Common beans have high content of protein and can be used as source for obtaining bioactive peptides which are compounds that exhibit an effect on body functions or conditions and may influence human health. This study was undertaken to examine the antioxidant and antiperoxidative potential of naturally-occurring peptides from easy-to-cook (ETC) and hard-to-cook (HTC) beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, cv BRS Pontal). The extracted proteins were partially purified using ultrafiltration membranes. Thereafter, the antioxidant activity of the produced fractions was analyzed by DPPH and FRAP methods. The lipid peroxidation was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) analysis. Results evidenced that the antioxidant potential was highly improved after ultrafiltration, especially for those fractions containing molecules with low molecular weight. Peptide fractions (F3-10kDa) from ETC beans exhibited a better ability to inhibit the reactive oxygen species formation when compared to the synthetic antioxidant BHT, which corroborates their antioxidant role and protection against lipid peroxidation. Regarding the peptide fractions from HTC beans, the samples had similar lipid peroxidation to BHT in the tested concentration range (200 to 600?g). The HTC phenomenon did not seem to affect definitively the bioactivity of the bioactive peptides, suggesting that it is possible to use these components as an alternative for the use of the grains affected by the hardening process

The potential of baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) and its fractions for the alternative protein market

The baru is a native fruit of the Brazilian Cerrado and its processing generates by-products that are normally undervalued and are not included in human food. Among the by-products of baru almond processing–the economically valued part for human consumption–are the broken almond, the partially defatted baru almond cake (DBC) and the pulp [composed of epicarp (peel) plus mesocarp]. Thus, this mini-review presents the potential use of baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) and its fractions for the alternative protein market. Baru almond and its fractions (DBC and compounds obtained by different extraction methods) stand out for their high protein content (23–30 g/100 g) and, in particular, the by-products can be used as raw material for extraction, separation, hydrolysis, isolation, and concentration of the protein molecules to produce plant-based ingredients. Although it has great potential, including sensory, nutritional, and techno-functional properties, these by-products are still few studied for this purpose

Extração de β-galactosidase de Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 7082 por método ultrassônico

A enzima intracelular β-galactosidase, obtida a partir da levedura Kluyveromyces marxianus, é utilizada na hidrólise da lactose e importante na indústria de produtos lácteos. No entanto, para sua efetiva utilização, faz-se necessário entender melhor os métodos de extração disponíveis. O método de ruptura ultrassônico tem sido aplicado como etapa de separação de produtos intracelulares em escala laboratorial e consiste na dissipação de ondas ultrassônicas na solução através de bolhas de cavitação que produzem um gradiente de velocidade, criando uma força capaz de romper as células. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ruptura ultrassônica para extração da enzima β-galactosidase, obtida da levedura Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 7082, em comparação com método de abrasão com pérolas de vidros. O método, utilizando ruptor ultrassônico (20 kHz) com ponteira intermediária (70% de potência), mostrou-se eficiente para ruptura das células da levedura, pois apresentou altos valores de atividade enzimática e rendimento, similares ao método de extração por abrasão, utilizando pérolas de vidro.The β-galactosidase is an intracellular enzyme obtained from the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus and its role is hydrolyse lactose and therefore, is important in the dairy industry. However, for their effective use is necessary to better understand the extraction methods available. The ultrasonic disruption method has been applied as a separation step of intracellular products on laboratory scale and consists of ultrasonic waves dissipation in the solution through cavitation bubbles and produce velocity gradient that creates a force capable of breaking the cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rupture ultrasonic extraction of the enzyme β-galactosidase obtained from the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 7082 compared with abrasion method using glass beads. The method using ultrasonic ruptor (150 W) with an intermediate tip (70% power) was effective for cell disruption of yeast, showing high enzyme activity and yield, similar values to the extraction method using abrasive glass beads

Fresh Pasta Production Enriched with Spirulina platensis Biomass

The aim of this work was to study the enrichment of Spirulina platensis in wheat flour to prepare fresh pasta to evaluate the green color and nutritional enrichment in addition to functional properties due to the presence of the bioactive compounds in the cyanobacterium. The pastas were evaluated for the centesimal composition, microbiological contamination, sensorial acceptance and technological characteristics such as cooking time, water absorption, volume displacement and loss of solids. The superior protein contents and the satisfactory technological and sensorial attributes compared with the control with no cyanobacterium showed the usefulness of incorporating S. platensis biomass in the fresh pastas. The microbiological quality was in compliance with the legislation in force. The sensorial quality was considered satisfactory ("liked very much") and purchase intention high ("probably would buy").Fundacao AraucariaFundacao Araucari

Design Strategies for Integrated b-Galactosidase Purification Processes

The operational conditions for an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) for b-galactosidase purification were optimized and applied to the design of a purification strategy as an alternative to the primary purification steps. The ATPS proved to be suitable for the recovery and primary enzyme purification. The purification process design developed by ATPS, diafiltration, ion exchange, and diafiltration/ultrafiltration was successful, yielding a more than tenfold purification. The purification strategy design resulted in a powerful integrated purification and recovery process, an evidence of the potential for a scale-up of the b-galactosidase purification process

Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Based on Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents as a Tool for the Recovery of Non-Protein Bioactive Compounds—A Review

Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) based on ionic liquids (IL) and deep eutectic solvents (DES) are ecofriendly choices and can be used to selectively separate compounds of interest, such as bioactive compounds. Bioactive compounds are nutrients and nonnutrients of animal, plant, and microbial origin that benefit the human body in addition to their classic nutritional properties. They can also be used for technical purposes in food and as active components in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Because they are usually present in complex matrices and low concentrations, it is necessary to separate them in order to increase their availability and stability, and ATPS is a highlighted technique for this purpose. This review demonstrates the application of ATPS based on IL and DES as a tool for recovering nonprotein bioactive compounds, considering critical factors, results and the most recent advances in this field. In addition, the review emphasizes the perspectives for expanding the use of nonconventional ATPS in purification systems, which consider the use of molecular modelling to predict experimental conditions, the investigation of diverse compounds in phase-forming systems, the establishment of optimal operational parameters, and the verification of bioactivities after the purification process

A new milk-clotting enzyme produced by Bacillus sp. P45 applied in cream cheese development

The growing demand for natural coagulants led to an increased necessity for rennet substitutes, promoting a search for new sources of proteases with coagulant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of a bacterial enzyme as a novel milk-clotting protease in the development of cream cheese enriched with chia and quinoa flour. At the concentration of 30 mg/mL, the milk-clotting strength was similar to that observed for commercial chymosin, demonstrating the enzyme ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of milk casein. The cheese developed showed high water retention (≥99.0%) and consequently low syneresis process. The results indicate that the product made using the enzyme showed adequate sanitary conditions and technological characteristics indicated that the product is highly stable and viable.Fil: Lemes, Ailton Cesar. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; BrasilFil: Pavón, Yanina Lorena. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Lazzaroni, Sandra María Sol. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Rozycki, Sergio Darío. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Brandelli, Adriano. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Juliano Kalil, Susana. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; Brasi

A Review of the Latest Advances in Encrypted Bioactive Peptides from Protein-Rich Waste

Bioactive peptides are considered the new generation of biologically active regulators that not only prevent the mechanism of oxidation and microbial degradation in foods but also enhanced the treatment of various diseases and disorders, thus increasing quality of life. This review article emphasizes recent advances in bioactive peptide technology, such as: (i) new strategies for transforming bioactive peptides from residual waste into added-value products; (ii) nanotechnology for the encapsulation, protection and release of controlled peptides; and (iii) use of techniques of large-scale recovery and purification of peptides aiming at future applications to pharmaceutical and food industries

Cell disruption and permeabilization methods for obtaining yeast bioproducts

Yeasts are used to produce several bioproducts, including functional bio-molecules, enzymes, biofuels, lipids, pigments, vitamins, organic acids, and other value-added bioproducts. When the production of the bioproduct occurs intracellularly, methods of disruption are traditionally used (mechanical and non-mechanical), which promote the release of bioproducts, but also the total degradation of the cell wall with consequent loss of yeast viability. As an alternative, cell permeabilization methods can be used through the use of external agents (chemical or physical), which form pores that increase the transfer of the product through the membrane, facilitating the separation of material, increasing the production of metabolites and also acting as an effective way of maintaining cellular viability - at least partially. In this review, we summarize the advances in yeast cell wall permeabilization compared to traditional methods of cell rupture. We also present the methods available for evaluating cell disruption and yeast permeabilization for yeast

Membrane Technology as a Strategy for Improving β-Galactosidase Concentration Processes: The Influence of the pH, Membrane Molecular Weight, Pressure, and Ionic Strength in the Process

The enzyme β-galactosidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose, although for its effective application it is necessary to establish techniques for purification, concentration, or polishing, such as membrane separation processes, in particular ultrafiltration. The present study aimed to investigate ultrafiltration and diafiltration applied as initial steps for concentration and salt removal, respectively, in the β-galactosidase purification processes. Additionally, the influence levels of the pH (6.5, 7.7, or 7.5), membrane molecular weight cut-off (30, 50, 60, or 100 kDa), operating pressure (1.5, 2.0, or 2.5 kgf/cm2), and ionic strength of the ultrafiltration using NaCL or KCl (0.01–0.1 M) were evaluated considering the enzyme recovery, purification, retention, and concentration factors in relation to the proteins, volume, activity, and protein flux and yield of the processes. The ultrafiltration of the crude enzyme extract at pH 7.5 and 1.5 kgf/cm2 with a 50 kDa polyethersulfone membrane resulted in a volume concentration of the β-galactosidase extract up to 7.1-fold greater, a purification factor 1.2-fold greater, and an enzyme recovery rate of 108.9% by eliminating metabolites during the purification process. In addition, the lowest flux variation range (16.0 to 13.1 L/m2·h) was observed under these same conditions, thereby representing a decrease of 18.0%. An increase in the operating pressure and the addition of salts results in reduced enzyme recovery (up to 38% of the process yield (734.1 to 453.7 U/h) and up to 40% of the enzyme recovery rate (108.9 to 60.6%) during the ultrafiltration using NaCl, respectively). The operation in the diafiltration mode allowed salt removal after the purification of β-galactosidase (enzymatic recovery rates above 93.4%) via precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography elution and as part of an aqueous two-phase system using 6 diafiltration cycles, thereby revealing its application potential