Effect Of Sales Promotion On The Volume Of Sales Of Agroproduct (ROYCO)

Increase demand of agricultural products has been viewed as a means of inducing greater production in the agricultural sector. Therefore, efficient marketing of Agro-products will result to increase in demand of farm products and this will serve as a great incentive to increase production in the Agricultural sector. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of sales promotion on the volume of sales of Royco in Onitsha Urban city of Anambra State for the years 1998 and 1999. Data for the study was collected from 40 respondents (20 staff of UniLever Nig. Plc, producers of Royco and 20 Distributors of Royco) who were selected basedon purposive sample technique. Also data from the company’s sales record for the 1998 and 1999 sales promotion period was also used. These data were analyzed using simple statistical tools such as, percentages, tables, charts/graphs. Chi-square was used to test the hypothesis at 0.95 significant level. Results from the findings of this research established a positive relationship between sales promotion and sales volume leading to rejection of null hypothesis. That is, it was established that effective sales promotion of Royco induces greater sales of Royco, which in turn results to greater demand of Agro-Products used in the production of Royco. Necessary policy recommendations were made on how to improve the quality and effectiveness of sales promotion

Socio-Economic Factors Affecting the Marketing of Garri in Port Harcourt City of Rivers State

This study assessed the socio-economic factors affecting the marketing of garri in Port Harcourt city of Rivers State. Specifically it examined the organization of garri marketing in Port Harcourt; the marketing cost and margin and recommended ways of improving the marketing system of garri in the study area. Four major markets (Mile one market, Mile three market, Oil mill market and Creek market) in Port Harcourt city were purposivefully selected for this study out of which 20 respondents were randomly selected from each of the market giving a total of 80 respondents. Interview schedule was used to elicit information from the respondents. Data collected include socio economic characteristic of the traders, purchases and sales transaction, marketing cost and returns and finally problems encountered by the traders. Analysis of the data obtained showed that majority (83%) of the respondents were female, 78% had basic education which help them in keeping proper record and in performing marketing function effectively. Also 87.5% had been in the business for between one to ten years while 75% were retail traders. Furthermore 50% of the garri traders buy their product from outside Port Harcourt while the major means of transportation used by the traders was taxi (40%). Some of market information was mainly from colleagues (61%). The total average marketing cost per ton is N2372.9. The respondents earn fairly high net returns in relation to the marketing function they perform but cannot be said to be excessive. The major problems encountered in the marketing of garri in the study area include transportation problem and lack of capital. It was therefore recommended that micro credit facilities through formal financial institution should be made accessible to the traders so as to help them acquire sufficient capital for the transaction. Also marketers can pool their resources together to find a lasting solution to the problem of transportation by either buying a bus or hiring one to convey them to and fro at cheaper rates and more convenient situation

Prospects and determinants of adoption of IITA plantain and banana based technologies in three Niger Delta States of Nigeria

High yielding and disease resistant plantain and banana hybrids and its associated technologies generated by IITA to combat the menace of black Sigatoka disease (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) were massively disseminated in year 2000. Since the hybrids were slightly different from the existing varieties in fruit size there was a need to assess thier prospects. Structured questionnaire and interview schedule were used to collect data on the adoption of the fourteen disseminated innovations among 85 randomlyselected farmers in 15 villages drawn from the three states. Correlation analysis was used to test the strength of relationship between the respondents personal and socio economic factors, the variablesinvestigated and the adoption index. The results showed that all the respondents adopted at least one of the 14 disseminated innovations. Average adoption level was 40.33% ranging from Rivers 36%, Akwa-Ibom 38% and Bayelsa 47%. The adoption process was strongly influenced by household size, educational attainment, farming experience, frequency of extension visit, overall experience from innovation, market access, access to credit and profit as a result of the technology. It was concludedthat the high level of adoption of the technology was not unconnected with the induced model of adoption where farmers saw the yield before embarking on the cultivation and the support (educationaland material incentive) received from the disseminating institution

Factors driving the intensity and rate of cooking banana adoption in Nigeria

The International Institute of tropical Agriculture introduced cooking banana into south east Nigeria in the late 1980s from Asia through the INIBAP Transit Centre as an interim measure in combating the incidence of black sigatoka disease on plantain. The study examined the extent of adoption of the crop in the area, about a decade after its introduction. Data were collected from 285 randomly selected farmers in about 76 of the villages where the crop was introduced, using a structured questionnaire. Data analyses utilised descriptive statistical tools while econometric models were used in identifying forces that have influenced the adoption process. Results showed that 55% of farmers have more cooking banana mats than they initially planted, giving a 55% adoption level. The intensity of adoption ranges from one mat to 599 mats with a mean of 23 mats, while the average annual increase in the number of mats is 6. Considering the relative “newness” of the crop in the country, the above adoption figures are considered high. Among the factors that have strongly influenced the extent and rate of adoption are farmers' household size, level of educational attainment, primary occupation, extension education and training, market opportunities, cropping experience, security of land, and the compatibility of the crop with existing systems. (J Agric & Soc Res:2003 3(2): 135-166

Determinants of market production of cooking banana in Nigeria

The factors that influence farmers' decisions to produce cooking banana for market in southeast Nigeria were examined. Data were collected from a random sample of 217 farmers through the use of a structured questionnaire. Results of the study indicate that about 80% of the farmers interviewed produce cooking banana both for household consumption and for sale. The proportion of cooking banana sold ranged from 10% to 90% with an average of 45%. Thus, cooking banana performs the dual role of providing food for the households, as well as being an additional source of cash income. Tobit regression analysis revealed that the price and the ripening stage at sale of cooking banana, as well as the presence of middlemen in the marketing chain were the most important determinants of the proportion of cooking banana planted for market. This indicates that cooking banana growers readily respond to market forces. Age and gender ownership of cooking banana also influenced the proportion of the crop planted for market. Increased involvement of wholesalers and processors in the marketing chain of the crop will probably enhance its market in the region.Cette étude a examiné les facteurs qui influencent la décision du paysan de produire la banane à cuire pour le marché dans le sud-est du Nigéria. Les résultats de l'étude montrent qu'environ 80% de paysans interrogés produisent la banane à cuire à la fois pour l'autoconsommation et pour la vente. La part destinée au marché varie entre 10% et 90% avec une moyenne de 45%. Ces résultats suggèrent que la banane à cuire sert autant de nourriture que de source de revenu monétaire pour le paysan. Les résultats de l'analyse de régression indiquent que la décision de produire la banane à cuire pour le marché dépend surtout du prix, de la présence d'intermédiaires dans le circuit de commercialisation ainsi que du stade de maturation du fruit au moment de la vente. Ceci signifie que le paysan répond positivement aux forces du marché dans la production de la banane à cuire. L'âge et le sexe du propriétaire de la banane à cuire influencent également la proportion de la production destinée au marché. Une intervention accrue des grossistes et des transformateurs dans le circuit de commercialisation de la banane à cuire contribuerait à accroître l'importance commerciale de cette culture dans la région

Determinants of market production of cooking banana in Nigeria

The factors that influence farmers' decisions to produce cooking banana for market in southeast Nigeria were examined. Data were collected from a random sample of 217 farmers through the use of a structured questionnaire. Results of the study indicate that about 80% of the farmers interviewed produce cooking banana both for household consumption and for sale. The proportion of cooking banana sold ranged from 10% to 90% with an average of 45%. Thus, cooking banana performs the dual role of providing food for the households, as well as being an additional source of cash income. Tobit regression analysis revealed that the price and the ripening stage at sale of cooking banana, as well as the presence of middlemen in the marketing chain were the most important determinants of the proportion of cooking banana planted for market. This indicates that cooking banana growers readily respond to market forces. Age and gender ownership of cooking banana also influenced the proportion of the crop planted for market. Increased involvement of wholesalers and processors in the marketing chain of the crop will probably enhance its market in the region

Determinants of market production of cooking banana in Nigeria

The factors that influence farmers' decisions to produce cooking banana for market in southeast Nigeria were examined. Data were collected from a random sample of 217 farmers through the use of a structured questionnaire. Results of the study indicate that about 80% of the farmers interviewed produce cooking banana both for household consumption and for sale. The proportion of cooking banana sold ranged from 10% to 90% with an average of 45%. Thus, cooking banana performs the dual role of providing food for the households, as well as being an additional source of cash income. Tobit regression analysis revealed that the price and the ripening stage at sale of cooking banana, as well as the presence of middlemen in the marketing chain were the most important determinants of the proportion of cooking banana planted for market. This indicates that cooking banana growers readily respond to market forces. Age and gender ownership of cooking banana also influenced the proportion of the crop planted for market. Increased involvement of wholesalers and processors in the marketing chain of the crop will probably enhance its market in the region

Cooking Banana consumption patterns in the Plantaingrowing area of Southeastern Nigeria

Cooking bananas (Musa spp., ABB genome) were intro-duced into Southeastern Nigeria by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in the mid-1980s as an interim measure to reduce the incidence of black sigatoka disease (caused by the fungus Mycosphaerel-la fijiensis Morelet) on plantain. However, the people of this region were not familiar with their utilisation methods. To address this lack of the knowledge and thereby sustain cooking banana cultivation, IITA, in collaboration with the Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) and the Nigeria Agip OU Company (NAOC) commenced a training campaign on cooking banana processing methods. This study examined the patterns of utilisation of cooking bananas ten years after the training took place and compared them with plantain. About 95 % of the households interviewed are consuming cooking banana, indicating a broad acceptance of the crop in the region. Overall, two ripening stages termed green and ripe are the most popular ripening stages for the consumption of both plantain and cooking banana, followed by partially ripe maturity stage. The most common forms of consumption for green plantain are, in decreasing order of importance, pottage, boiled, roasted, and fried. Green cooking banana is also mostly eaten in pottage and boiled forms, and less frequently in fried and pounded forms. Ripe plantain is mostly eaten in fried and pottage forms, while ripe cooking banana is mostly eaten in fried and raw forms. Partially ripe plantain is mostly eaten in pottage, fried, boiled, and roasted forms, while partially ripe cooking banana is eaten in fried, pottage and boiled forms. These results indicate that the consumption patterns of plantain and cooking banana are very similar. This similarity has greatly contributed to the rapid integration of cooking banana within the existing plantain consumption and cropping systems.Les bananes a cuire (Musa spp., genome ABB) ont ete introduites au Nigeria par I’insitut International d’Agriculture Tropicale (IITA) au milieu des annees 1980 comme mesure transitoire pour reduire I’incidence de la cercosporiose noire (cause par le champignon Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet) sur le bananier plantain; mais il s’avera que les paysans ne savaient pas comment la consommer

Factors driving the adoption of cooking banana processing and utilisation methods in Nigeria

As part of efforts in realising her aim of introducing cooking banana into Nigeria, the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) mounted training and awareness campaigns on its utilisation in collaboration with Shell and Agip Oil companies between 1991 and 1997. This study looked into the adoption profile of the utilisation methods and the factors that may have influenced it. Data were collected from a random sample of 232 respondents from 24 villages in southeast Nigeria. Results showed an overall adoption level of 79.5%. The highest adoption levels were obtained for those utilisation methods similar to local and traditional methods of plantain consumption and lowest for non-traditional uses. The extent or intensity of adoption by the respondents ranged from 1 processing method to 7, with an average of 3. As a proportion of the number of utilisation methods on which training was given, the intensity of adoption ranged from 12.5% to 100% with a mean of 52.2%, meaning that the respondents have adopted more than 50% of the total number methods on which they received training. The major factors which have strongly influenced the adoption process were the level of educational attainment, social status, primary occupation, intensity of training received, availability of commercially-produced plantain products in the market/area, trialability as well as the number of desirable attributes of the utilisation methods