Natural fiber for green technology in automotive industry: a brief review

Fiber reinforced polymeric composites have been known and widely used because of their high specific strength and modulus compared to metals. In the last few years, biomaterials listed as a demand technology to be exploring by researchers especially in industrial purpose. This is push by environmental awareness and the over use of petrol resources lead to the development of new materials, called biocomposites, which will maintain a better future. This paper will be discussing about a brief review of natural fibers, use in automotive industry to achieve a green technology target in manufacturing of cars specifically. It's a fact that, related to weight reduction, the automotive industry can take advantages of using these materials, not only because of extinction of oil reserve, but because of high ability and importance of these materials itself in automobiles. Currently, most composites in the market are focused with long-term durability design while using nondegradable polymeric resins such as epoxies and high-strength fiber such as glass. All these materials prove to be a good characteristic of composite but still lack in environmental concern. This polymer and fiber are derived from petroleum, a nonreplenishable commodity. The momentum is to use biocomposites in common plastics to improve performance. Since the main purpose of this paper is to show a bio-composite which is suitable to replace the existing interior of automotive design, the work has focused on obtaining that bio-composite, taking account into the raw-materials cost reduction and the maintenance of the manufacturing process based on current scenario. The automotive industry is in their way to expand green technology in composites because the need is greatest. But producing the composites is energy intensive and polluting, while the durability of conventional composites, often seen as an advantage, is also their biggest challenge. Current fibers use in industry right now is difficult to dispose. They do not degrade naturally and could linger for generations

Validation of Phonon Physics in the CDMS Detector Monte Carlo

The SuperCDMS collaboration is a dark matter search effort aimed at detecting the scattering of WIMP dark matter from nuclei in cryogenic germanium targets. The CDMS Detector Monte Carlo (CDMS-DMC) is a simulation tool aimed at achieving a deeper understanding of the performance of the SuperCDMS detectors and aiding the dark matter search analysis. We present results from validation of the phonon physics described in the CDMS-DMC and outline work towards utilizing it in future WIMP search analyses.Comment: 6 Pages, 5 Figures, Proceedings of Low Temperature Detectors 14 Conferenc

A review of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata): application, fibre characterisation and composites

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the review of natural fibre composites as well as a specific type of fibre, i.e., sugar palm fibre and its composites. Design/methodology/approach – The approach of this review paper is to present previous work on natural fibres and their composites. Then a review of several important aspects such as history, origin, botanic description, distribution, application and characterisation of sugar palm tree, and its fibre is presented. Finally a review of properties and characterisation of sugar palm composites is presented. Findings – Findings of this review include the potential application of natural fibres and their composites for engineering application, the use of sugar palm and its fibres, as well as the suitability of sugar palm composites in engineering application after conducting review of their performance and characterisation. Originality/value – The value of this review is to highlight the potential of natural fibres, natural fibre composites, sugar palm, sugar palm fibres and sugar palm composites as materials for engineering applications. Keywords Arenga pinnata, Bio-composites, Mechanical performance, Natural fibres, Sugar palm fibre, Sugar palm tre

Correlation Between Cutting Force and Residual Stress in Dry End-Milling of Inconel HX

Residual stress in the end-milled subsurface can significantly affect the fatigue performance of end-milled material. In the end-milling process, the generation of residual stress is extremely complex, which is closely related to the spindle speed, feed per tooth and cutting force. Thus, it is crucial to elucidate the influence of spindle speed and feed per tooth on cutting force and residual stress, also the correlation between cutting force and residual stress in terms of spindle speed and feed per tooth. According to this, dry end-milling of Inconel HX was performed by climb-milling using Kennametal KYS40 solid ceramic end-mill. From this experimental test, cutting force and residual stress showed a U-shaped relationship with the increase of spindle speed, while cutting force and residual stress showed a linear relationship with the increase of feed per tooth. Furthermore, for low cutting force and residual stress, the focus should be on choosing the optimum combination of spindle speed (21,400 to 24,100 rpm) and feed per tooth (0.014 to 0.016 mm/tooth)

Correlation Between Cutting Force and Residual Stress in Dry End-Milling of Inconel HX

Residual stress in the end-milled subsurface can significantly affect the fatigue performance of end-milled material. In the end-milling process, the generation of residual stress is extremely complex, which is closely related to the spindle speed, feed per tooth and cutting force. Thus, it is crucial to elucidate the influence of spindle speed and feed per tooth on cutting force and residual stress, also the correlation between cutting force and residual stress in terms of spindle speed and feed per tooth. According to this, dry end-milling of Inconel HX was performed by climb-milling using Kennametal KYS40 solid ceramic end-mill. From this experimental test, cutting force and residual stress showed a U-shaped relationship with the increase of spindle speed, while cutting force and residual stress showed a linear relationship with the increase of feed per tooth. Furthermore, for low cutting force and residual stress, the focus should be on choosing the optimum combination of spindle speed (21,400 to 24,100 rpm) and feed per tooth (0.014 to 0.016 mm/tooth)

Comparison of CDMS [100] and [111] oriented germanium detectors

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) utilizes large mass, 3" diameter $\times$ 1" thick target masses as particle detectors. The target is instrumented with both phonon and ionization sensors and comparison of energy in each channel provides event-by-event classification of electron and nuclear recoils. Fiducial volume is determined by the ability to obtain good phonon and ionization signal at a particular location. Due to electronic band structure in germanium, electron mass is described by an anisotropic tensor with heavy mass aligned along the symmetry axis defined by the [111] Miller index (L valley), resulting in large lateral component to the transport. The spatial distribution of electrons varies significantly for detectors which have their longitudinal axis orientations described by either the [100] or [111] Miller indices. Electric fields with large fringing component at high detector radius also affect the spatial distribution of electrons and holes. Both effects are studied in a 3 dimensional Monte Carlo and the impact on fiducial volume is discussed.Comment: Low Temperature Detector 14 conference proceedings to be published in the Journal of Low Temperature Physic

Effect of treatments on the physical and morphological properties of SPF/phenolic composites

This study aims at evaluating the physical properties and effects of fiber treatments of natural fiber reinforced polymer composite’s friction applications. Sugar palm fibers (SPFs) were used as fillers (≤ 150 µm) with phenolic resin to fabricate the composites by the hot press technique. The loading of SPFs varied from 0 to 40 vol.% with an interval of 10 vol.% in phenolic composites. The fibers were treated with sea water for 30 days, and with 0.5 M of alkaline solution for 4 hrs. Rockwell hardness, density, voids content, water/oil absorption, and moisture content were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology and interfacial bonding of the fiber-matrix in composites. With an increase in the SPF loading in the composites, the results indicated a decline in Rockwell hardness, an increase in water/oil absorption, and density. It was also observed that higher the density of the composites, lower was the voids content. In terms of physical properties, sea water treatment showed better improvement than alkaline treatment. The outcome of this research indicated that SPFs can be effectively used in reinforcing polymer composites, such as friction composites

Study on impact properties of arenga pinnata fibre reinforced epoxy composites

Natural fibre composites have gained their importance in the recently in some non-structural and semi-structural components in engineering due to their acceptable strength and stiffness in addition to their low cost, abundance and renewable. A study on impact properties of arenga pinnata fibre reinforced epoxy composites is presented in this paper

Dry sliding wear behavior of untreated and treated sugar palm fiber filled phenolic composites using factorial technique

The purpose of the current work was to investigate, for the first time, the potential improvements in the wear resistance of phenolic matrix composites from using sugar palm fiber (SPF) as a reinforcement. Con- sequently, open a new approach for utilizing the available locally cheap and non-toxic fibres to produce a prospective candidate tribo-materials for friction application, such as brake pad composites. The fibers were treated with seawater for 30 days and with a 0.5% alkaline solution to improve the fiber-matrix adhesion. Thereafter, the fibers were used in particle form with a volume loading of 30% to fabricate the samples using a hot press machine. The tribology-properties of the developed composites were tested using a computerized pin on disc machine. The test set-up was conducted for various combinations of different parameters, such as the type of treatment, applied normal load (30, 50, and 70 N), and sliding speed (2.6, 3.9, and 5.2 m/s) at a constant sliding distance of 5000 m under dry sliding conditions. Factorial technique, along with ANOVA analysis, were used to identify the significant and important design factors. The results depict that the volume loss of the seawater and alkali treated composites decreased by about 20.2% and 37.9%, respectively, whereas the coefficient of friction reduced by 10% and 13%, respectively, compared to the untreated composite. Moreover, ANOVA analysis revealed that the applied normal load and treatment made the most significant contribution to the volume, while the sliding speed had no significant effect on the wear results. Worn surface morphology investigation was carried out to support the results

The mechanical performance of sugar palm fibres (Ijuk) reinforced phenolic composites

Sugar palm fibres are one of the natural fibres which have many features and need further study to understand their properties. The aim of this work is to investigate the flexural, compressive and impact properties of sugar palm fibres reinforced phenolic composites. Sugar palm fibres were used as a filler (particle size 150 μm) and with loading of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 vol.%. The fibres were treated by sea water and then fabricated into composites by hot press technique. Flexural, compressive, and impact tests were carried out as per ASTM D790, ASTM D695-08a, and ASTM D256 standards, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology and the interfacial bonding of the fibres-matrix in composites. The results show that the mechanical properties of the composites improve with the incorporation of fibres. The composite of 30 vol.% particle loading exhibit optimum values which are 32.23 MPa, 61.66 MPa, and 4.12 kJ/m2 for flexural, compressive, and impact strength, respectively. This was because good compatibility of fibre-matrix bonding. Consequently, sugar palm fibre is one of the prospective fibres and could be used as a potential resource to reinforcement polymer composite