MAXIMIZATION OF PULL-IN VOLTAGE OF MICRO-ELECTROMECHANICAL STRUCTURES USING TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION

The design problem consists in maximizing the pull-in voltage using topology optimization method, which is formulated as an optimal material distribution. In addition to the classical volume constraint, different structural constraints could be taken into consideration. Sensitivity analysis is one of the key issues of the optimization process and is performed with the formulation of eigenvalue topology optimization problems. Here the paper investigates topology optimization of strongly coupled electromechanical systems. To avoid important modifications of the electric field by the optimization process, this first study considers a non design electrode and use topology optimization to design an optimal suspension structure. Solution procedure of the optimization problem is based on CONLIN optimizer using a sequential convex programming. This method that has proved its efficiency in many structural problems (sizing, shape) is here tailored to strongly coupled multiphysics design problems under consideration. The choice of appropriate explicit convex approximations schemes for multiphysic problems is investigated. The proposed method is illustrated and validated on microbeam optimization applications

Search for Randall-Sundrum excitations of gravitons decaying into two photons for CMS at LHC

The CMS detector discovery potential to the resonant production of massive Kaluza - Klein excitations expected in Randall-Sundrum model is studied. Full simulation and reconstruction are used to study diphoton decay of Randall-Sundrum gravitons. For an integrated luminosity of 30 fb^-1 diphoton decay of Randall-Sundrum graviton can be discovered at 5 sigma level for masses up to 1.61~tevsucqua in case of weak coupling between graviton excitations and Standard model particles (c=0.01). Heavier resonances can be detected for larger coupling constant (c=0.1), with mass reach of 3.95~tevsucqua

Impact des erreurs sur l'estimation des quantiles de crue

L'objectif général de notre travail était de déterminer l'impact des erreurs dans les données hydrométriques mesurées sur les sites. Ces données comportent toujours un degré d'erreurs provenant de différentes sources et pouvant survenir à différentes étapes: lors de la prise des mesures, de la transmission des mesures, du stockage ou encore durant le traitement des données. L'impact des erreurs a été déterminé par la comparaison de quantiles calculés à l'aide d'une méthode statistique soit la loi log normal. Les données utilisées pour notre étude sont les débits de pointe de la crue printanière. Ces débits sont souvent les plus important de l'année. Notre recherche a montré, entre autres, que les erreurs sur les débits mesurées ont un impact pouvant être important sur l'estimation des quantiles de crue. Ces erreurs sur les débits de pointe auront des conséquences sociales, économiques et environnementales lors de la gestion ou de la conception des ouvrages d'art. Ainsi, on retrouve des impacts sur l'environnement, sur le contrôle des inondations, sur les coûts de construction et d'opération des ouvrages. Par conséquent, nous recommandons, entre autres, l'amélioration des instruments, des techniques de mesure et du traitement des données, ainsi que la mise sur pied d'une banque de données centralisée regroupant les données, leur historique et leurs paramètres de traitement et en permettre l'accessibilité

Improved version of the eikonal model for absorbing spherical particles

We present a new expression of the scattering amplitude, valid for spherical absorbing objects, which leads to an improved version of the eikonal method outside the diffraction region. Limitations of this method are discussed and numerical results are presented and compared successfully with the Mie theory.Comment: 7 pages, postscript figures available on cpt.univ-mrs.fr, to appear in J. Mod. Optic

Proximidad espacial y distancia social. Los grandes conjuntos de vivienda social y su población

Translated by Luis Campos M. and Malena Bastías S. Revised by Catherine PaquetteTraducción de Luis Campos M. y Malena Bastías S. Revisión de Catherine Paquett

Relationship between turbidity and total suspended solids concentration within a combined sewer system.

8 pagesInternational audienceThis article confirms the existence of a strong linear relationship between turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) concentration. However, the slope of this relation varies between dry and wet weather conditions, as well as between sites. The effect of this variability on estimating the instantaneous wet weather TSS concentration is assessed on the basis of the size of the calibration dataset used to establish the turbidity - TSS relationship. Results obtained indicate limited variability both between sites and during dry weather, along with a significant inter-event variability. Moreover, turbidity allows an evaluation of TSS concentrations with an acceptable level of accuracy for a reasonable rainfall event sampling campaign effort

Reilhac

Date de l'opération : 1990 (FP) ; 1988 (SU) Inventeur(s) : Lemaire Claude ; Séronie-Vivien Marie-Roger En 1988, suite à des travaux clandestins, Claude Lemaire effectua un sauvetage dans cette nouvelle cavité du causse de Gramat. Le tamisage et l'évacuation d'une énorme quantité de déblais lui permirent de récupérer un abondant mobilier lithique et osseux et de décrire une première succession stratigraphique. Devant l'intérêt du gisement, Jean Clottes a proposé à Marie-Roger Séronie-Vivien d'..

Reilhac – Grotte du Sanglier

Date de l'opération : 1990 (FP) ; 1988 (SU) Inventeur(s) : Lemaire Claude ; Séronie-Vivien Marie-Roger En 1988, suite à des travaux clandestins, Claude Lemaire effectua un sauvetage dans cette nouvelle cavité du causse de Gramat. Le tamisage et l'évacuation d'une énorme quantité de déblais lui permirent de récupérer un abondant mobilier lithique et osseux et de décrire une première succession stratigraphique. Devant l'intérêt du gisement, Jean Clottes a proposé à Marie-Roger Séronie-Vivien d'..

HIV-1 tropism determination using a phenotypic Env recombinant viral assay highlights overestimation of CXCR4-usage by genotypic prediction algorithms for CRRF01_AE and CRF02_AG

Background: Human Immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) entry into target cells involves binding of the viral envelope (Env) to CD4 and a coreceptor, mainly CCR5 or CXCR4. The only currently licensed HIV entry inhibitor, maraviroc, targets CCR5, and the presence of CXCX4-using strains must be excluded prior to treatment. Co-receptor usage can be assessed by phenotypic assays or through genotypic prediction. Here we compared the performance of a phenotypic Env-Recombinant Viral Assay (RVA) to the two most widely used genotypic prediction algorithms, Geno2Pheno([coreceptor]) and webPSSM. Methods: Co-receptor tropism of samples from 73 subtype B and 219 non-B infections was measured phenotypically using a luciferase-tagged, NL4-3-based, RVA targeting Env. In parallel, tropism was inferred genotypically from the corresponding V3-loop sequences using Geno2Pheno([coreceptor]) (5-20% FPR) and webPSSM-R5X4. For discordant samples, phenotypic outcome was retested using co-receptor antagonists or the validated Trofile (R) Enhanced-Sensitivity-Tropism-Assay. Results: The lower detection limit of the RVA was 2.5% and 5% for X4 and R5 minority variants respectively. A phenotype/genotype result was obtained for 210 samples. Overall, concordance of phenotypic results with Geno2Pheno([coreceptor]) was 85.2% and concordance with webPSSM was 79.5%. For subtype B, concordance with Geno2pheno([coreceptor]) was 94.4% and concordance with webPSSM was 79.6%. High concordance of genotypic tools with phenotypic outcome was seen for subtype C (90% for both tools). Main discordances involved CRF01_AE and CRF02_AG for both algorithms (CRF01_AE: 35.9% discordances with Geno2Pheno([coreceptor]) and 28.2% with webPSSM; CRF02_AG: 20.7% for both algorithms). Genotypic prediction overestimated CXCR4-usage for both CRFs. For webPSSM, 40% discordance was observed for subtype A. Conclusions: Phenotypic assays remain the most accurate for most non-B subtypes and new subtype-specific rules should be developed for non-B subtypes, as research studies more and more draw conclusions from genotypically-inferred tropism, and to avoid unnecessarily precluding patients with limited treatment options from receiving maraviroc or other entry inhibitors