Applying the Convolutional Neural Network Deep Learning Technology to Behavioural Recognition in Intelligent Video

In order to improve the accuracy and real-time performance of abnormal behaviour identification in massive video monitoring data, the authors design intelligent video technology based on convolutional neural network deep learning and apply it to the smart city on the basis of summarizing video development technology. First, the technical framework of intelligent video monitoring algorithm is divided into bottom (object detection), middle (object identification) and high (behaviour analysis) layers. The object detection based on background modelling is applied to routine real-time detection and early warning. The object detection based on object modelling is applied to after-event data query and retrieval. The related optical flow algorithms are used to achieve the identification and detection of abnormal behaviours. In order to improve the accuracy, effectiveness and intelligence of identification, the deep learning technology based on convolutional neural network is applied to enhance the learning and identification ability of learning machine and realize the real-time upgrade of intelligence video’s "brain". This research has a good popularization value in the application field of intelligent video technology

Application of Video Scene Semantic Recognition Technology in Smart Video

Video behaviour recognition and semantic recognition understanding are important components of intelligent video analytics. Traditionally, human behaviour recognition has met problems of low recognition efficiencies and poor accuracies. For example, most existing behaviour recognition methods use the video frames obtained by even segmentation and fixed sampling as the input, which may lose important information between sampling intervals, fail to identify the key frames of the video segments and make use of the contextual semantics to understand current behaviour. In order to improve the semantic understanding capacity and efficiency of video segments, this paper adopts a 3-layer semantic recognition approach based on key frame extraction. First, it completes the segmentation for video recognition at the bottom layer, extracts the key frames in the video segments, primarily understands basic semantics of the persons’ identifications, behaviours and environment, and then introduces the primarily acquired information into the middle layer for semantic integration, and through the integration of various semantics, adopts the loss function to learn the latent relationship between different modal semantics, to enhance the integrating capacity and the robustness of the character semantic integration, and finally, by overall fine tuning, semantic recognition and adjusting all the parameters of the network, completes the semantic recognition task of the video scenario. This method enjoys higher recognition accuracies based on certain datasets, capable of effectively recognizing the semantics of characters and behaviours in videos. Through practical testing, the adoption of the algorithm integrating key frame extractions with the video scene semantic recognition has improved the recognition accuracy and effect of the video character semantics

NAIL: An evolutionarily conserved lncRNA essential for licensing coordinated activation of p38 and NFκB in colitis

Akıncılar SC, Wu L, NG QF, et al., NAIL: an evolutionarily conserved lncRNA essential for licensing coordinated activation of p38 and NFκB in colitis. Gut Published Online First: 25 November 2020. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-32298

Mechanistic study of visible light-driven CdS or g-C₃N₄-catalyzed C–H direct trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arenes using CF₃SO₂Na as the trifluoromethyl source

The mild and sustainable methods for C–H direct trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arenes without any base or strong oxidants are in extremely high demand. Here, we report that the photo-generated electron-hole pairs of classical semiconductors (CdS or g-C3N4) under visible light excitation are effective to drive C–H trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arenes with stable and inexpensive CF3SO2Na as the trifluoromethyl (TFM) source via radical pathway. Either CdS or g-C3N4 propagated reaction can efficiently transform CF3SO2Na to [rad]CF3 radical and further afford the desired benzotrifluoride derivatives in moderate to good yields. After visible light initiated photocatalytic process, the key elements (such as F, S and C) derived from the starting TFM source of CF3SO2Na exhibited differential chemical forms as compared to those in other oxidative reactions. The photogenerated electron was trapped by chemisorbed O2 on photocatalysts to form superoxide radical anion (O2[rad]−) which will further attack [rad]CF3 radical with the generation of inorganic product F− and CO2. This resulted in a low utilization efficiency of [rad]CF3 (&lt;50%). When nitro aromatic compounds and CF3SO2Na served as the starting materials in inert atmosphere, the photoexcited electrons can be directed to reduce the nitro group to amino group rather than being trapped by O2. Meanwhile, the photogenerated holes oxidize SO2CF3− into [rad]CF3. Both the photogenerated electrons and holes were engaged in reductive and oxidative paths, respectively. The desired product, trifluoromethylated aniline, was obtained successfully via one-pot free-radical synthesis.</p

Mccrearamycins A-D, Geldanamycin-Derived Cyclopentenone Macrolactams from an Eastern Kentucky Abandoned Coal Mine Microbe

Four cyclopentenone‐containing ansamycin polyketides (mccrearamycins A–D), and six new geldanamycins (Gdms B–G, including new linear and mycothiol conjugates), were characterized as metabolites of Streptomyces sp. AD‐23‐14 isolated from the Rock Creek underground coal mine acid drainage site. Biomimetic chemical conversion studies using both simple synthetic models and Gdm D confirmed that the mccrearamycin cyclopentenone derives from benzilic acid rearrangement of 19‐hydroxy Gdm, and thereby provides a new synthetic derivatization strategy and implicates a potential unique biocatalyst in mccrearamycin cyclopentenone formation. In addition to standard Hsp90α binding and cell line cytotoxicity assays, this study also highlights the first assessment of Hsp90α modulators in a new axolotl embryo tail regeneration (ETR) assay as a potential new whole animal assay for Hsp90 modulator discovery

High prevalence of Rickettsia spp. in ticks from wild hedgehogs rather than domestic bovine in Jiangsu province, Eastern China

BackgroundSpotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR), containing various pathogenic Rickettsia spp., poses remarkable negative influences to public health by causing various severe or mild diseases. Information regarding prevalence of SFGR in ticks in Jiangsu province, Eastern China, is still limited and needs urgent investigations.MethodsHedgehog- and bovine-attached ticks were collected from Jiangsu province, Eastern China. DNA of individual ticks was extracted for nested polymerase chain reaction amplifications targeting gltA, 16S ribosomal RNA (rrs), ompA, ompB, and sca4 genes following with sequencing. SFGR-specific IgG antibodies in sera of local donators were evaluated using ELISA.ResultsOverall, 144 (83.2%) of the 173 ticks from hedgehogs and 2 (1.2%) of the 168 ticks from bovine were positive for one of the three identified Rickettsia spp., with significant difference between the two groups (P = 3.6e-52). Candidatus Rickettsia principis (9; 5.2%) and R. heilongjiangensis (135; 78.0%) were detected in Haemaphysalis flava rather than in H. longicornis ticks from hedgehogs. R. heilongjiangensis (1; 0.6%) and Candidatus R. jingxinensis (or Candidatus R. longicornii) (1; 0.6%) were identified in H. longicornis and Rhipicephalus microplus ticks from bovine, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated Candidatus R. jingxinensis belonged to R. japonica subgroup, whereas Candidatus R. principis belonged to a novel subgroup. Higher serological prevalence of spotted fever and SFGR-specific IgG antibody level in humans were observed around the investigated area than in urban areas, without significant difference.ConclusionCandidatus R. principis and Candidatus R. jingxinensis were identified in Jiangsu province, Eastern China, and fully genetically characterized for the first time. The higher prevalence of SFGR in hedgehog-attached ticks as well as the higher SFGR-specific IgG antibody level and seropositive rate in humans around the investigated area suggested that more attention should be paid to SFGR. This pathogen is usually transmitted or harbored by wild animals and ticks. This study provides important epidemiological data for both physicians and public health officers in developing early prevention and control strategies against potential Rickettsia infections and in the preparation of suitable testing and treatment needs for rickettsiosis in the endemic areas

Study of Solar Energetic Particle Events with Ulysses, ACE Observations and Numerical Simulations

We study the latitudinal extent of the near-relativistic electron events of 10 June 2000 and 26 December 2001, observed by both Ulysses and ACE. From the observations it is shown that the intensity of ACE was quite different from that of Ulysses. Through the numerical simulations, we obtain the SEPs time-intensity profiles, which generally fit well to the observations. To compare the observations we obtained the best fit parameters for the simulations. We suggest that the transport effects, especially the perpendicular diffusion effect, can cause the difference between the intensity profiles of ACE and Ulysses, which is dominated by particle transport at a large radial distance and high-latitude when a spacecraft has poor magnetic connection to the particle source. Furthermore, we present the particle source from the best fit parameters to show that the start and peak times of the particle sources are between the onset and max times of a flare in all the energy channels. Moreover, we propose models for the peak intensity and half width of the particle source, and the time interval from the flare onset to the particle source peak time. We show that the models generally agree with the best fit parameters

Modeling of the Magnetic Turbulence Level and Source Function of Particle Injection from Multiple SEP Events

Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are produced by solar eruptions and are harmful to spacecraft and astronauts. The four source function parameters of particle injection for SEP events and the magnetic turbulence level can be collectively referred to as key parameters. We reproduce the electron intensity-time profiles with simulations for five SEP events observed by multispacecraft such as ACE, STEREO-A, and STEREO-B, so we can obtain the five fitted key parameters for each of the events. We analyze the relationship among the five fitted key parameters, and also the relationship between these parameters and the observed event features. Thus, the model of key parameters are established. Next, we simulate another 12 SEP events with the key parameters model. Though the predicted electron intensity-time profiles do not fit the observed ones well, the peak flux and event-integrated fluence can be predicted accurately. Therefore, the model can be used to estimate the radiation hazards