32 research outputs found
Yttrium-Catalyzed AmineโSilane Dehydrocoupling: Extended Reaction Scope with a Phosphorus-Based Ligand
The
scope of the catalytic dehydrocoupling of primary and secondary
amines with phenylsilanes has been investigated using [Yยญ{Nยญ(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}<sub>3</sub>] and a four-coordinate analogue
bearing a cyclometalated phosphonium methylide ligand. Inclusion of
the phosphorus-based ligand on yttrium results in increased substrate
scope in comparison to the trisยญ(amide) analogue. While reversible
CโH bond activation of the cyclometalated ligand was observed
in stoichiometric experiments, D-labeling experiments and DFT calculations
suggest that reversible ligand activation is not involved in silazane
formation under catalytic conditions. We suggest that the extended
reaction scope with the four-coordinate yttrium phosphonium methylide
complex relative to the three-coordinate yttrium (tris)ยญamide complex
is a result of differences in the ease of amine inhibition of catalysis
Phosphatidylserine Increases IKBKAP Levels in Familial Dysautonomia Cells
Familial Dysautonomia (FD) is an autosomal recessive congenital neuropathy that results from abnormal development and progressive degeneration of the sensory and autonomic nervous system. The mutation observed in almost all FD patients is a point mutation at position 6 of intron 20 of the IKBKAP gene; this gene encodes the IฮบB kinase complex-associated protein (IKAP). The mutation results in a tissue-specific splicing defect: Exon 20 is skipped, leading to reduced IKAP protein expression. Here we show that phosphatidylserine (PS), an FDA-approved food supplement, increased IKAP mRNA levels in cells derived from FD patients. Long-term treatment with PS led to a significant increase in IKAP protein levels in these cells. A conjugate of PS and an omega-3 fatty acid also increased IKAP mRNA levels. Furthermore, PS treatment released FD cells from cell cycle arrest and up-regulated a significant number of genes involved in cell cycle regulation. Our results suggest that PS has potential for use as a therapeutic agent for FD. Understanding its mechanism of action may reveal the mechanism underlying the FD disease
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