Evaluation of the Complexity, Controllability and Observability of Heat Exchanger Networks Based on Structural Analysis of Network Representations

The design and retrofit of Heat Exchanger Networks (HENs) can be based on several objectives and optimisation algorithms. As each method results in an individual network topology that has a significant effect on the operability of the system, control-relevant HEN design and analysis are becoming more and more essential tasks. This work proposes a network science-based analysis tool for the qualification of controllability and observability of HENs. With the proposed methodology, the main characteristics of HEN design methods are determined, the effect of structural properties of HENs on their dynamical behaviour revealed, and the potentials of the network-based HEN representations discussed. Our findings are based on the systematic analysis of almost 50 benchmark problems related to 20 different design methodologies

Network Distance-Based Simulated Annealing and Fuzzy Clustering for Sensor Placement Ensuring Observability and Minimal Relative Degree

Network science-based analysis of the observability of dynamical systems has been a focus of attention over the past five years. The maximum matching-based approach provides a simple tool to determine the minimum number of sensors and their positions. However, the resulting proportion of sensors is particularly small when compared to the size of the system, and, although structural observability is ensured, the system demands additional sensors to provide the small relative order needed for fast and robust process monitoring and control. In this paper, two clustering and simulated annealing-based methodologies are proposed to assign additional sensors to the dynamical systems. The proposed methodologies simplify the observation of the system and decrease its relative order. The usefulness of the proposed method is justified in a sensor-placement problem of a heat exchanger network. The results show that the relative order of the observability is decreased significantly by an increase in the number of additional sensors

Futuretrust-future trust services for trustworthy global transactions

Against the background of the regulation 2014/910/EU [EU1] on electronic identification (eID) and trusted services for electronic transactions in the internal market (eIDAS), the FutureTrust project, which is funded within the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (Horizon 2020) under Grant Agreement No. 700542, aims at supporting the practical implementation of the regulation in Europe and beyond. For this purpose, the FutureTrust project will address the need for globally interoperable solutions through basic research with respect to the foundations of trust and trustworthiness, actively support the standardisation process in relevant areas, and provide Open Source software components and trustworthy services which will ease the use of eID and electronic signature technology in real world applications. The FutureTrust project will extend the existing European Trust Service Status List (TSL) infrastructure towards a "Global Trust List", develop a comprehensive Open Source Validation Service as well as a scalable Preservation Service for electronic signatures and seals. Furthermore it will provide components for the eID-based application for qualified certificates across borders, and for the trustworthy creation of remote signatures and seals in a mobile environment. The present contribution provides an overview of the FutureTrust project and invites further stakeholders to actively participate as associated partners and contribute to the development of future trust services for trustworthy global transactions.</p

Diverse anthropogenic disturbances shift Amazon forests along a structural spectrum

Amazon forests are being degraded by myriad anthropogenic disturbances, altering ecosystem and climate function. We analyzed the effects of a range of land-use and climate-change disturbances on fine-scale canopy structure using a large database of profiling canopy lidar collected from disturbed and mature Amazon forest plots. At most of the disturbed sites, surveys were conducted 10–30 years after disturbance, with many exhibiting signs of recovery. Structural impacts differed in magnitude more than in character among disturbance types, producing a gradient of impacts. Structural changes were highly coordinated in a manner consistent across disturbance types, indicating commonalities in regeneration pathways. At the most severely affected site – burned igapó (seasonally flooded forest) – no signs of canopy regeneration were observed, indicating a sustained alteration of microclimates and consequently greater vulnerability to transitioning to a more open-canopy, savanna-like state. Notably, disturbances rarely shifted forests beyond the natural background of structural variation within mature plots, highlighting the similarities between anthropogenic and natural disturbance regimes, and indicating a degree of resilience among Amazon forests. Studying diverse disturbance types within an integrated analytical framework builds capacity to predict the risk of degradation-driven forest transitions.Fil: Smith, Marielle N.. Bangor University; Reino Unido. Michigan State University; Estados UnidosFil: Stark, Scott C.. Michigan State University; Estados UnidosFil: Taylor, Tyeen C.. University of Michigan; Estados UnidosFil: Schietti, Juliana. Universidade Federal Do Amazonas; Brasil. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: de Almeida, Danilo Roberti Alves. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Aragón, Susan. Universidade Federal Do Oeste Do Pará; BrasilFil: Torralvo, Kelly. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: Lima, Albertina P.. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: de Oliveira, Gabriel. University Of South Alabama; Estados UnidosFil: de Assis, Rafael Leandro. University of Oslo; Noruega. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: Leitold, Veronika. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Pontes-Lopes, Aline. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; BrasilFil: Scoles, Ricardo. Universidade Federal Do Oeste Do Pará; BrasilFil: de Sousa Vieira, Luciana Cristina. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; BrasilFil: Resende, Angelica Faria. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Coppola, Alysha I.. ETH Zurich. Geological Institute Biogeosciences; SuizaFil: Brandão, Diego Oliveira. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: de Athaydes Silva Junior, João. Universidade Federal do Pará; BrasilFil: Lobato, Laura F.. Universidade Federal Do Oeste Do Pará; BrasilFil: Freitas, Wagner. Universidade Federal Do Oeste Do Pará; BrasilFil: Almeida, Daniel. Universidade Federal Do Oeste Do Pará; BrasilFil: Souza, Mendell S.. Universidade Federal Do Oeste Do Pará; BrasilFil: Minor, David M.. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Villegas, Juan Camilo. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Law, Darin J.. University of Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Gonçalves, Nathan. Michigan State University; Estados UnidosFil: da Rocha, Daniel Gomes. The Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute; Brasil. University of California at Davis; Estados UnidosFil: Guedes, Marcelino Carneiro. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; BrasilFil: Tonini, Hélio. Embrapa Pecuária Sul; BrasilFil: da Silva, Kátia Emídio. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; BrasilFil: van Haren, Joost. University of Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Rosa, Diogo Martins. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: do Valle, Dalton Freitas. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: Cordeiro, Carlos Leandro. Instituto Internacional Para Sustentabilidade; BrasilFil: de Lima, Nicolas Zaslavsky. Universidade Federal Do Oeste Do Pará; BrasilFil: Shao, Gang. Michigan State University; Estados Unidos. Purdue University Libraries And School Of Information Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Menor, Imma Oliveras. University of Oxford; Reino UnidoFil: Conti, Georgina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Florentino, Ana Paula. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: Montti, Lía. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Aragão, Luiz. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais; BrasilFil: McMahon, Sean M.. Smithsonian Environmental Research Center; Estados UnidosFil: Parker, Geoffrey G.. Smithsonian Environmental Research Center; Estados UnidosFil: Breshears, David D.. University of Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Da Costa, Antonio Carlos Lola. Universidade Federal do Pará; BrasilFil: Magnusson, William E.. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: Mesquita, Rita. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: Camargo, José Luís C.. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: de Oliveira, Raimundo C.. Embrapa Amazônia Oriental; BrasilFil: de Camargo, Plinio B.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Saleska, Scott R.. University of Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Nelson, Bruce Walker. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Brasi