"Gesichter des Terrors" Andreas Baader - Ulrike Meinhof - Gudrun Ensslin

Die Arbeit bietet einen umfassenden Eindruck der historischen Ereignisse von den Jahren 1967 bis 1977 in Deutschland sowie deren künstlerische Aufarbeitung mithilfe des Films. Da die Geschichte der Roten Armee Fraktion (RAF) in Österreich nicht ausreichend bekannt ist, war es erforderlich erstmal auf die politischen und sozialen Hintergründe – die den Aufbau dieser Gruppe und die daraus resultierende Radikalisierung der linken Bewegung zur Folge hatten - einzugehen. Diese Studie widmet sich der unterschiedlichen Darstellung der Terrorjahre sowie der differenzierten Auswahl der Zeitabschnitte der Regisseure und Drehbuchautoren. Während der eine Film auf Spezialeffekte setzt, versucht der andere dem Publikum die Gewalttätigkeiten der RAF durch originale Bild- und Tondokumente näher zubringen. Der dritte Film verzichtet auf eine spektakuläre Darstellung der Brutalitäten und konzentriert sich stattdessen auf die Liebesgeschichte dahinter. Die umfangreiche Analyse der ausgewählten Filmbeispiele beinhaltet unter anderem nach welchen Kriterien diverse geschichtliche Begebenheiten keinen Einzug in den Film erhalten haben sowie der Tatsache, dass andere - um den Film publikumstauglicher zu gestalten - unwahre Elemente hinzugefügt wurden. Weiters befasst sich die Studie mit der detailgetreuen Rekonstruktion historischer Ereignisse sowie den Motiven der Regisseure differenzierte Darstellungen der Realität auf die Leinwand zu projizieren. Das Hauptaugenmerk dieser Studie konzentriert sich auf die Figurengestaltung der Schauspieler – auf die Darstellung historischer Personen, in diesem Fall der Hauptakteure der ersten Generation der RAF Andreas Baader, Ulrike Meinhof und Gudrun Ensslin. Neben der Fokussierung auf die Motive für die Entstehung unterschiedlicher Darstellungsweisen wurden auch die Sprechweise sowie die optische Erscheinung der Schauspieler in die Analyse miteinbezogen. Zusätzlich wurde der Einsatz der Körperspannung sowie der der Stimme der Schauspieler kritisch untersucht und beeinflusste die Ergebnisse dieser Forschung.This thesis conducts a thorough analysis of the representation of the RAF – Rote Armee Fraktion – in motion pictures; examining closely the portrayal of historical facts and the general historical climate in the years between 1967 and 1977 in Germany. The history of this group is not part of the general knowledge of Austria’s population. Therefore, it was necessary to depict the political and social background that played a role in the foundation of the group and the resulting radicalization of the leftist movement. The close analysis focuses on the various portrayals of the terror years and moreover on the directors’ and writers’ preferences of a certain time frame over another and its implications. While one movie relies heavily on special effects, the second on the other hand portrays the RAF’s brutality through the use of original audio-visual footage. The main focus of the third film is on the love relationship between the RAF leaders whereas the special effects and the brutality are of minor importance. The detailed analysis of the three films includes an examination of the criteria for the inclusion of certain historical facts into a movie and for the absence of other facts. Some movies added fictional storylines to make the film more attractive for the audience. The paper provides a detailed account of historical events and the directors’ motives to project different levels of reality on the screen. The main emphasis of this paper lies on the actors’ depiction of real-life people; in this case, first generation RAF members Andreas Baader, Ulrike Meinhof and Gudrun Ensslin. The focus of this study is additionally on the motives of the actors for portraying a character in a certain way as well as their way of speaking and their appearance. Voice and body tension of the actors were especially important for the analysis and had an impact on the results of the study

South Park und Irak-Krieg

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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Complete neurologic and cognitive recovery after plasmapheresis in a patient with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Neurologic complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are rare but poorly understood. We present a case report of a 57-year-old-male patient who was diagnosed in 2009 with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). He received two standard induction chemotherapies, as well as a following consolidation. Six months later, an allogeneic HSCT was performed. Shortly after HSCT the patient developed progressive polyneuropathy of the lower legs and hypoesthesia. Five months later a severe dementia followed. All images of the brain and spine showed no specific pathologies. High dose corticosteroids and immunoglobulins did not improve the neurologic symptoms. Due to severe worsening of the neuropsychiatric status and the clinical presentation, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) was suspected. Therefore, the patient received ten cycles of plasmapheresis. The patient showed a significant improvement of the neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive status. CONCLUSIONS: Immune mediated neuropathies after allogeneic HSCT, such as CIDP, have great variability in symptoms and presentation and are challenging to diagnose and treat. Plasmapheresis is a safe and efficient treatment for patients with unclear persisting autoimmune neuropathy after HSCT.(VLID)346787

A Systematic Prospective Comparison of Fluid Volume Evaluation across OCT Devices Used in Clinical Practice

Objective: Treatment decisions in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) are mainly based on subjective evaluation of OCT. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to provide a comparison of qualitative and quantitative differences between OCT devices in a systematic manner. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study. Subjects: One hundred sixty OCT volumes, 40 eyes of 40 patients with nAMD. Methods: Patients from clinical practice were imaged with 4 different OCT devices during one visit: (1) Spectralis Heidelberg; (2) Cirrus; (3) Topcon Maestro2; and (4) Topcon Triton. Intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF), and pigment epithelial detachment (PED) were manually annotated in all cubes by trained human experts to establish fluid measurements based on expert-reader annotations. Intraretinal fluid, SRF, and PED volume were quantified in nanoliters (nL). Bland–Altman plots were created to analyze the agreement of measurements in the central 1 and 6 mm. The Friedman test was performed to test for significant differences in the central 1, 3, and 6 mm. Main Outcome Measures: Intraretinal fluid, SRF, and PED volume. Results: In the central 6 mm, there was a trend toward higher IRF and PED volumes in Spectralis images compared with the other devices and no differences in SRF volume. In the central 1 mm, the standard deviation of the differences ranged from ± 3 nL to ± 6 nL for IRF, from ± 3 nL to ± 4 nL for SRF, and from ± 7 nL to ± 10 nL for PED in all pairwise comparisons. Manually annotated IRF and SRF volumes showed no significant differences in the central 1 mm. Conclusions: Fluid volume quantification achieved excellent reliability in all 3 retinal compartments on images obtained from 4 OCT devices, particularly for clinically relevant IRF and SRF values. Although fluid volume quantification is reliable in all 4 OCT devices, switching OCT devices might lead to deviating fluid volume measurements with higher agreement in the central 1 mm compared with the central 6 mm, with highest agreement for SRF volume in the central 1 mm. Understanding device-dependent differences is essential for expanding the interpretation and implementation of pixel-wise fluid volume measurements in clinical practice and in clinical trials. Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article