Population Biology And Distribution Of The Tanaid Kalliapseudes Schubarti Mañé-garzon, 1949, In An Intertidal Flat In Southeastern Brazil.

The population biology and the spatial and temporal distribution of Kalliapseudes schubarti Mañé-Garzon, 1949, a common tanaidacean in mud flats and estuaries in southern and southeastern Brazil, was studied in the Araçá region, São Sebastião (SP), Brazil. This species showed a clustered dispersion in the area and the individuals were concentrated in the superficial sediment layer (5 cm). Higher densities of K. schubarti were recorded in areas characterized by moderately sorted fine sediment. Multiple regression analysis revealed a positive influence of the organic matter contents and a negative effect of the silt-clay contents on the abundance of K. schubarti. This species showed a marked temporal variation with very low abundance in winter and fall (March to August). Sexual dimorphism was evidenced with males being larger than females. Ovigerous females were also larger than pre-ovigerous ones. Sex ratio was skewed towards females. Seven cohorts were identified during the sampling period, the estimated longevity was 12 months, and no seasonal oscillation in growth was evidenced. The continuous reproduction, as evidenced by the presence of larval phases (manca II and neutron) and reproductive females throughout the year, and high fecundity among the tanaids associated with fast growth and limited longevity support the case for the opportunistic life strategy suggested for this species in the literature.63346947

Evaluation Of Two Guidelines For The Management Of Hyperbilirubinemia In Newborn Babies Weighing Less Than 2,000 G

Objective: To evaluate the use of two phototherapy guidelines for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in newborn babies weighing less than 2,000 g. Methods: Eighty-one newborn infants with birth weight less than 2,000 g were studied. They were divided in two groups: the "early" group, which started phototherapy 12 hours after birth, undergoing treatment for at least 96 hours; and the "late" group, which received phototherapy whenever the transcutaneous bilirubin reached 8 mg/dl and phototherapy suspended when bilirrubin levels fell to 5 mg/dl. The following factors were analyzed: maintenance of transcutaneous bilirubin levels below 10 mg/dl, mean value of daily transcutaneous bilirubin, the highest transcutaneous bilirubin value and the period it first occurred, and duration of treatment. Results: In the early group, 20% of all patients showed transcutaneous bilirubin level higher than 10 mg/dl compared to 60% of patients in the late group. The highest daily mean rate of transcutaneous bilirubin in the early group was 6.6 mg/dl, which happened on the 7th day. In the late group, it was 8.6 mg/dl on the 2nd day after birth. The median duration of phototherapy treatment used in the early group was 96 hours (minimum of 96 and maximum of 156 hours) and in the late group, 51 hours (minimum of zero and maximum of 120 hours). None of the babies needed changes in the treatment (double phototherapy or exchange transfusion). Conclusion: The use of early phototherapy treatment for babies weighing less than 2,000 g is safer when compared to the late group, considering satisfactory the maintenance of transcutaneous bilirubin levels below 10 mg/dl. Copyright © 2004 by Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.804285290Kramer, L.I., Advancement of dermal icterus in the jaundiced newborn (1969) Am J Dis Child, 118, pp. 454-458Maisels, M.J., Jaundice (1999) Neonatology: Pathophysiology and Management of the Newborn. 5th Ed., , Avery GB, Fletcher MA, MacDonald MG, editors. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & WilkinsNilsen, S.T., Finne, P.H., Bergsjo, P., Stamnes, T.O., Males with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia examined at 18 years of age (1984) Acta Paediatr Scand, 73, pp. 176-180Stern, L., Denton, R.L., Kernicterus in small premature infants (1965) Pediatrics, 35, pp. 483-485Cashore, W.J., Oh, W., Brodersen, R., Reserve albumin and bilirubin toxicity index in infant serum (1983) Acta Paediatr Scand, 72, p. 415Kawade, N., Onishi, S., The prenatal and postnatal development of UDP-glucononyltransferase activity towards bilirubin and the effect of premature birth on this activity in the human liver (1981) Biochem J, 196, pp. 257-260Roger, C., Koziel, V., Vert, P., Nehlig, A., Autoradiographic mapping of local cerebral permeability to bilirubin in immature rats: Effect of hyperbilirubinemia (1996) Pediatr Res, 39, pp. 64-71Levine, R.L., Fredericks, W.R., Rapaport, S.I., Entry of bilirubin into the brain due to opening of the blood-brain barrier (1982) Pediatrics, 69, pp. 255-259Hansen, T.W.R., Allen, J.W., Bilirubin oxidizing activity in rat brain (1996) Biol Neonate, 70, pp. 289-295Ives, N.K., Kernicterus in preterm infantslest we forget (To turn on the lights) (1992) Pediatrics, 90, pp. 757-759Maisels, M.J., Phototherapy - 25 years later (1996) The Year Book of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine, , Fanaroff AA, Klaus MH, editors. St Louis, MO: Mosby Year BookCoombs, R.R., Mourant, A.E., Race, R.R., In vivo isosensitisation of red cell in babies with haemolytic disease (1946) Lancet, 1, pp. 264-266Blanchette, V.S., Zipursky, A., Assessment of anemia in newborn infants (1984) Clin Perinatol, 11, pp. 489-510Recommendation on a uniform bilirubin standard (1962) Clin Chem, 8, pp. 405-407Doumas, B.T., Perry, B.W., Sasse, E.A., Straumfjord Jr., J.V., Standardization in bilirubin assays: Evaluation of select methods and stability of bilirubin solutions (1973) Clin Chem, 19, pp. 984-993Levene, M.I., Uneven distribution of light in standard phototherapy (1980) Arch Dis Child, 55, pp. 398-408Eggert, P., Stick, C., Schröder, H., On the distribution of irradiation intensity in phototherapy. Measurements of effective irradiance in an incubator (1984) Eur J Pediatr, 142, pp. 58-61Tan, K.L., Some aspects on management of neonatal jaundice in Singapore (1978) J Sing Paediatr Soc, 20, pp. 122-141Brown, A.K., Kim, M.H., Wu, P.Y.K., Bryla, D.A., Efficacy of phototherapy in prevention and management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (1985) Pediatrics, 75 (SUPPL.), pp. 393-400Curtis-Cohen, M., Stahl, G.E., Costarino, A.T., Polin, R.A., Randomized trial of prophylactic phototherapy in the infant with very low birth weight (1985) J Pediatr, 107, pp. 121-124Cashore, W.J., Bilirubin and jaundice in the micropremie (2000) Clin Perinatol, 27, pp. 171-179Raethel, H.A., Wavelengths of light producing photodecomposition of bilirubin in serum from a neonate with hyperbilirubinemia (1975) J Pediatr, 87, pp. 110-114Dicken, P., Grant, L.J., Jones, S., An evaluation of the characteristics and performance of neonatal phototherapy equipment (2000) Physiol Meas, 21, pp. 493-503Ahlfors, C.E., Criteria for exchange transfusion in jaundiced newborns (1994) Pediatrics, 93, pp. 488-494Bryla, D.A., Development, design, and sample composition (1985) Pediatrics, 75 (SUPPL.), pp. 387-392Jackson, J.C., Adverse events associated with exchange transfusion in healthy and ill newborns (1997) Pediatrics [Serial on Line], 99 (5). , http//www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/99/5/e7, May [11 screens]Tan, K.L., Phua, K.B., Ang, P.L., The mortality of exchange transfusions (1976) Med J Aust, 1, pp. 473-476Gartner, L.M., On the question of the relationship between breastfeeding and jaundice in the first 5 days of life (1994) Sem Perinatol, 18, pp. 502-509Wu, P.Y.K., Hodgman, J.A., Kirkpatrick, B.V., White Jr., N.B., Bryla, D.A., Metabolic aspects of phototherapy (1985) Pediatrics, 75 (SUPPL.), pp. 427-43

Endividamento Público, Crescimento, Moeda E Inflaço: Comentário A "matemática Agradável", De Gerson Lima

The paper aims at analyzing the article by Gerson Lima on the manner by which fiscal deficit should be covered. It presents a more general dynamic model, where the principle of effective demand is explicitly used. By doing that, it is possible to treat as endogenous variables the national income and the government entries, what brings the result that the public debt must not follow an explosive path unless the very restrictive conditions of Lima's paper prevail. It also evaluates Lima's implicit inflation theory, and argues against his approximation to Friedman's framework.294473483Bell, S.A., Do Taxes and Bonds Finance Government Spending? (2000) Journal of Economic Issues, 34 (3), pp. 603-620Bell, S.A., Wray, L.R., Fiscal Effects on Reserves and the Independence of the Fed (2003) Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 25 (2), pp. 263-271Foley, D., (2003) Unholy Trinity: Labor, Capital, and Land in the New Economy, , London: RoutledgeFriedman, M., The Role of Monetary Policy (1968) American Economic Review, 58 (1), pp. 1-17Friedman, M., (1969) The Optimum Quantity of Money and Other Essays, , Chicago: Aldine Publishing CompanyFriedman, M., (1970) Milton Friedman's monetary framework, , Chicago: The University of Chicago PressFriedman, M., Nobel Lecture: Inflation and Unemployment (1977) Journal of Political Economy, 85 (3), pp. 451-472Godley, W., Lavoie, M., (2007) Monetary Economics: an Integrated Approach to Credit, Money, Income, Production and Wealth, , Basingstoke: Palgrave MacmillanKeynes, J.M., (1936) 1973 The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, 7. , London: MacmillanLerner, A.P., Functional Finance and the Federal Debt (1943) Social Research, 10, pp. 38-51Lima, G., Matemática Agradável (2008) Revista de Economia Política, 28 (3), pp. 471-489Patinkin, D., (1965) Money, Interest, and Prices: an Integration of Monetary and Value Theory, , New York: Harper & RowWray, L.R., (1998) Understanding Modern Money: The Key to Full Employment and Price Stability, , Cheltenham: Edward ElgarWray, L.R., Seigniorage or Sovereignty? (2002) Modern Theories of Money, , Rochon, L. P. & Rossi, S. 2003, Cheltenham: Edward ElgarWray, L.R., The Neo-Chartalist Approach to Money (2003) The State, the Market, and the Euro: Chartalism versus Metallism in the Theory of Money, , Bell, S. A. & Nell, E. J. (2003), Cheltenham: Edward Elga