Identifying A Risk Profile For Thyroid Cancer.

The large use of simple and effective diagnostic tools has significantly contributed to the increase in diagnosis of thyroid cancer over the past years. However, there is compelling evidence that most micropapillary carcinomas have an indolent behavior and may never evolve into clinical cancers. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new tools able to predict which thyroid cancers will remain silent, and which thyroid cancers will present an aggressive behavior. There are a number of well-established clinical predictors of malignancy and recent studies have suggested that some of the patients laboratory data and image methods may be useful. Molecular markers have also been increasingly tested and some of them appear to be very promising, such as BRAF, a few GST genes and p53 polymorphisms. In addition, modern tools, such as immunocytochemical markers, and the measure of the fractal nature of chromatin organization may increase the specificity of the pathological diagnosis of malignancy and help ascertain the prognosis. Guidelines designed to select nodules for further evaluation, as well as new methods aimed at distinguishing carcinomas of higher aggressiveness among the usually indolent thyroid tumors are an utmost necessity.51713-2

Study of herpes viruses types 6 and type 1 and their relationship with TP53 gene in distinct pathological conditions

Orientador: Laura Sterian WardTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias MedicasResumo: Interações entre vírus, o sistema imunológico e a ação de enzimas detoxificantes têm sido associadas à etiologia de muitas doenças incluindo o câncer e várias doenças auto-imunes. Investigamos o papel dos herpes vírus tipo 6 (HHV-6) e tipo 1 (HHV-1) e das variantes do códon 72 (P72) e códon 47 do éxon 4 de TP53, responsáveis por uma diminuição da atividade antiapoptótica de TP53, na suscetibilidade ao câncer de pele e à Doença de Basedow-Graves. Utilizamos PCR para a detecção dos vírus, polimorfismos de TP53 e GSTs, com restrição enzimática para alguns dos polimorfismos. Quando estudamos 120 pacientes com lesões de pele, comparados com 41 controles mostramos que a infecção por HHV-6 aumenta o risco de um indivíduo apresentar carcinoma basocelular (OR=3,182;95%IC:1,125-8,997). O risco para indivíduos infectados por HHV-1 foi aumentado em seis vezes (OR=6,078;95%IC:1,365-27,061). Observamos que este risco tendia a ser maior entre os indivíduos imunosuprimidos. Estudamos 78 pacientes transplantados renais comparados com 151 controles. A infecção por HHV-6 foi realmente mais freqüente nos transplantados renais (35,89%) do que nos controles (11,25%) (F; p<0,0001). Indivíduos positivos para HHV-6 apareciam com maior freqüência entre os transplantados renais que possuíam variantes de P72 (60,71%) do que nos que apresentaram o genótipo selvagem Arg/Arg (22%) (F; p=0,001). Para estudarmos a relação entre o HHV-6 e as doenças auto-imunes, analisamos 127 pacientes com diagnóstico da Doença de Basedow-Graves, observando que indivíduos que estavam infectados pelo HHV-6 tinham maior risco de desenvolver esta doença (OR=2,225;95%IC=1,197-4,135). O genótipo Pro/Pro de TP53 estava presente em 11,8% dos pacientes com Doença de Basedow-Graves (p<0,001), aumentando significativamente o risco para a doença (OR=28,395; 95%IC=1,658-486,36). Assim, nossos estudos mostram que a presença do HHV-6 e HHV-1 aumenta o risco para o câncer de pele, sugerindo que esses vírus podem ter um papel na suscetibilidade a malignidades da pele; a herança germinativa de P72 aumenta o risco para a infecção de HHV-6 e há uma tendência para o aumento de risco para desenvolvimento da Doença de Basedow-Graves quando associamos a infecção por HHV-6 e a presença do alelo prolina do códon 72 de TP53Abstract: Interactions between viruses, the immune system and detoxifying enzymes have been associated to the etiology of many conditions including cancer and various autoimmune diseases. We investigated the role of herpes viruses type 6 (HHV-6) and 1 (HHV-1) and the codon 72 (P72) and codon 47 (S47) variants of exon 4 of TP53, responsible for a diminished antiapoptotic activity of TP53, in the susceptibility to skin cancer and to Graves-Basedow Disease. We used PCR for virus detection, TP53 polymorphisms and GSTs, with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of some polymorphisms. When we studied 120 patient with skin lesions, compared with 41 controls we showed that the HHV-6 infection increases the risk of a patient to present basal cell carcinoma (OR=3.182; 95%CI: 1.125-8.997). The risk for HHV-1 infected patients was increased six times (OR=6.078;95%CI:1.365-27.061). We observed that this risk tended to be higher among immunocompromized patients. Were studied 78 kidney recipients compared with 151 controls. Was observed that HHV-6 infection was more frequent among kidney recipient patients (35.89%) than among the controls (11.25%) (F;p<0.0001). We also observed that HHV-6 positive patients appeared more frequently among kidney recipients patients that presented P72 variants (60.71%) than among those presenting the wild-type genotype Arg/Arg (22%) (F; p=0.001). To study the relationship between HHV-6 and autoimmune diseases, we analyzed 127 patients with Graves-Basedow Disease, observing that HHV-6 infected patients had a higher risk to developed this disease (OR=2.225;95%CI=1.197-4.135). The Pro/Pro of TP53 genotype was present in 11.8% of Graves-Basedow Disease patients (p<0.001), increasing significantly the risk to this disorder (OR=28.395; 95%CI=1.658-486.36). Therefore, our studies indicate that the presence of HHV-6 and HHV-1 increase the risk to skin cancer, suggesting that this virus can play a role in the susceptibility to skin malignancies; the germline inheritance of P72 increases the risk to HHV-6 infection and there is a tendency to a higher risk of Graves-Basedow Disease development in patients that have both an HHV-6 infection and the proline allele of codon 72 of TP53DoutoradoDoutor em Farmacologi

Herpesvirus Type 7 Infection May Play An Important Role In Individuals With A Genetic Profile Of Susceptibility To Graves' Disease.

An inherited profile of genes related to the response to aggressive environmental factors such as viruses and chemicals may be related to an increased susceptibility to Graves' disease (GD). This prospective case-control study was designed to examine the relationship between human herpesviruses (HHV) infection, determined by circulating DNA; tumour protein p53 (TP53) apoptotic ability; and detoxification system genes, and GD. We studied 280 confirmed GD patients paired to 284 controls with respect to environmental exposure. Exclusion criteria included medications that could interfere with thyroid function evaluation and a recent history of viral and bacterial infections. A stepwise regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity established the inheritance of glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1) (odds ratio (OR)=3.423; 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.120-5.527; P<0.001) and cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) variants (OR=1.649; 95% CI=1.012-2.686; P=0.0445) as significant risk factors for the disease. HHV-7 infection was much more common in GD patients (64.64%) than in controls (38.73%; chi(2), P<0.0001), and it increased the risk for GD more than three times (OR=3.133; 95% CI=1.959-5.011; P<0.0001). The inheritance of less efficient Pro/Pro TP53 gene variants significantly increased the risk of GD development (OR=5.196; 95% CI=2.112-12.783; P<0.0001) and also favored HHV-7 infection (OR=2.835; 95% CI=1.100-7.310; P=0.0275). In addition, 72TP53 variants augmented the risk of GD relapse (OR=1.860; 95% CI=1.015-3.410; P=0.0446). We suggest that an inherited genetic profile involving TP53 may favor HHV-7 infection and maintenance, which, in turn, may initiate and perpetuate GD autoimmune process.162315-2

Prevalence of integrons in Shigella sonnei from Brazil

631060760

Lack Of Influence Of Glutathione S-transferase Genotype Profile On Cancer Susceptibility In Smokers And Nonsmokers.

The glutathione-S-transferase (GST) gene family has an important role in the biotransformation and detoxification of different xenobiotics and endogenous carcinogens. GST profile has been associated to an increased risk for several types of tumors in different populations, but ethnic stratification makes data interpretation difficult. The Brazilian population represents a unique model in which the types and frequencies of GST gene polymorphisms are less influenced by ethnicity. To evaluate the influence of GST profile in different age and gender groups regarding the risk of developing cancer and its relationship to smoking habit, the GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 genotypes of 785 Brazilian patients with cancer and 873 cancer-free controls paired on the basis of sex, age, ethnicity, diet and exercise routine, lifetime occupational history, smoking history, general health conditions, and previous diseases were compared. A univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age over 45 years (p=0.0417) and smoking (p=0.0015) were related to cancer. Multivariate analysis confirmed the importance of advanced age in susceptibility to cancer (p=0.0001). It was also observed that smoking significantly increased the risk of cancer among individuals over 45 years old (OR: 1.825, 95%CI: 1.241-2.682). However, no correlation between risk of cancer, smoking habit, age, or gender and any of the studied GST polymorphisms was found. It is suggested that GST profile does not exert an important impact on the influence of tobacco smoking on cancer risk.15CR10-