Normative ratings for 111 Swedish nouns and corresponding picture stimuli

Normative ratings are a means to control for the effects of confounding variables in psycholinguistic experiments. This paper introduces a new dataset of normative ratings for Swedish encompassing 111 concrete nouns and the corresponding picture stimuli in the MultiPic database (Duñabeitia et al. 2017). The norms for name agreement, category typicality, age of acquisition and subjective frequency were collected using online surveys among native speakers of the Finland-Swedish variety of Swedish. The paper discusses the inter-correlations between these variables and compares them against available ratings for other languages. In doing so, the paper argues that ratings for age of acquisition and subjective frequency collected for other languages may be applied to psycholinguistic studies on Finland-Swedish, at least with respect to concrete and highly imageable nouns. In contrast, norms for name agreement should be collected from speakers of the same language variety as represented by the subjects in the actual experiments

Management of jugular bulb injury during drilling of the internal auditory canal (ICA) for vestibular schwannoma surgery

The retrosigmoid approach for vestibular schwannoma surgery has remained the standard approach by most neurosurgeons. Drilling the posterior wall of the internal auditory meatus (IAM) is an essential step in removing the intrameatal tumor. During IAM drilling, three anatomical structures can be encountered, including the posterior semicircular canal, vestibular aqueduct, and jugular bulb. Any of these can be injured during drilling, especially if the jugular bulb lies above the inferior edge of the IAM. Although IAM drilling is performed in most vestibular schwannoma surgeries, information on how to manage complications such as jugular bulb injury is lacking. Here we use an intraoperative video to demonstrate how to manage the inadvertent injury to the jugular bulb in order to avoid massive blood loss. We present a case of a 39-year-old woman with hearing loss, diagnosed with a cerebellopontine angle mass extending into the IAM. Surgery was required due to tumor progression. We used the retrosigmoid approach to access the tumor. During IAM drilling, the jugular bulb was injured. A thin layer of bone wax was applied under continuous suction. The margins of the wax were then gently compressed with a dissector; great care was taken to avoid pushing the wax into the jugular bulb. Excess bone wax was removed (video 1). A small diamond drill (2 mm) was used for further drilling. Our instructional video shows the surgical approach, microsurgical anatomy, and technical aspects of managing massive bleeding from jugular bulb injury. It should therefore be helpful for young neurosurgeons.Non peer reviewe

Embedding in Shawi narrations: A quantitative analysis of embedding in a post-colonial Amazonian indigenous society

In this article, we provide the first quantitative account of the frequent use of embedding in Shawi, a Kawapanan language spoken in Peruvian Northwestern Amazonia. We collected a corpus of ninety-two Frog Stories (Mayer 1969) from three different field sites in 2015 and 2016. Using the glossed corpus as our data, we conducted a generalised mixed model analysis, where we predicted the use of embedding with several macrosocial variables, such as gender, age, and education level. We show that bilingualism (Amazonian Spanish-Shawi) and education, mostly restricted by complex gender differences in Shawi communities, play a significant role in the establishment of linguistic preferences in narration. Moreover, we argue that the use of embedding reflects the impact of the mestizo1 society from the nineteenth century until today in Santa Maria de Cahuapanas, reshaping not only Shawi demographics but also linguistic practice

Zonal flows and long-distance correlations during the formation of the edge shear layer in the TJ-II stellarator

A theoretical interpretation is given for the observed long-distance correlations in potential fluctuations in TJ-II. The value of the correlation increases above the critical point of the transition for the emergence of the plasma edge shear flow layer. Mean (i.e. surface averaged, zero-frequency) sheared flows cannot account for the experimental results. A model consisting of four envelope equations for the fluctuation level, the mean flow shear, the zonal flow amplitude shear, and the averaged pressure gradient is proposed. It is shown that the presence of zonal flows is essential to reproduce the main features of the experimental observations.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figure

Cryogenic Field Measurement of Pr2Fe14B Undulator and Performance Enhancement Options at the NSLS-II

Short period (14.5mm) hybrid undulator arrays composed of Praseodymium Iron Boron (Pr{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B) magnets (CR53, NEOMAX, Inc.) and vanadium permendur poles have been fabricated at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Unlike Neodymium Iron Boron (Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B) magnets which exhibit spin reorientation at temperatures below 150K, PrFeB arrays monotonically increase performance with lower operating temperature. It opens up the posibility for use in operating a cryo-permanent magnet undulator (CPMU) in the range of 40K to 60K where very efficient cryocoolers are available. Magnetic flux density profiles were measured at various temperature ranges from room temperature down to liquid helium (LHe) using the Vertical Testing Facility (VTF) at the National Snchrotron Light Source-II (NSLS-II). Temperature variations of phase error have been characterized. In addition, we examined the use of textured Dysprosium (Dy) poles to replace permendur poles to obtain further improvement in performance

Herpesviruses, polyomaviruses, parvoviruses, papillomaviruses, and anelloviruses in vestibular schwannoma

Etiology of vestibular schwannoma (VS) is unknown. Viruses can infect and reside in neural tissues for decades, and new viruses with unknown tumorigenic potential have been discovered. The presence of herpesvirus, polyomavirus, parvovirus, and anellovirus DNA was analyzed by quantitative PCR in 46 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded VS samples. Five samples were analyzed by targeted next-generation sequencing. Viral DNA was detected altogether in 24/46 (52%) tumor samples, mostly representing anelloviruses (46%). Our findings show frequent persistence of anelloviruses, considered normal virome, in VS. None of the other viruses showed an extensive presence, thereby suggesting insignificant role in VS.Peer reviewe

CTA analysis and assessment of morphological factors related to rupture in 413 posterior communicating artery aneurysms

Posterior communicating artery (PcomA) aneurysms are frequently encountered, but there are few publications on their morphology. A growing number of aneurysms are incidental findings, which makes evaluation of rupture risk important. Our goal was to identify morphological features and anatomical variants associated with PComA aneurysms and to assess parameters related to rupture. We studied CT angiographies of 391 consecutive patients treated between 2000 and 2014 at a single institution. We determined clinically important morphological parameters and performed univariate and multivariate analysis. There were a total of 413 PComA aneurysms: 258 (62%) were ruptured and 155 (38%) unruptured. Ruptured PComA aneurysms had the potential to cause severe bleeding with IVH and/or temporal ICH (n = 170, 66% of ruptured). The main types of PComA origin were classified as follows: (1) separate (32%), (2) side by side (21%) and (3) a joint neck with the aneurysm (6%). After the multivariate logistic regression, the morphological parameters related to PComA aneurysm rupture were an irregular aneurysm dome, neck diameter, and aspect ratio > 1.5. The most marked morphological features of the PComA aneurysms were: saccular nature (99%), infero-posterior dome orientation (42%), infrequency of large or giant aneurysms (4%), narrow neck compared to the aneurysm size, PComA originating directly from the aneurysm neck or the dome (28%), and fetal or dominant PComA on the side of the aneurysm (35%). There were location-related parameters that were more strongly associated with PComA aneurysm rupture than aneurysm size: an irregular aneurysm dome, larger diameter of the aneurysm neck and aspect ratio > 1.5.Peer reviewe