Barely visible impact damage in scaled composite laminates:Experiments and numerical simulations

Black pepper protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Genes with high expression in P. flaviflorum are shown in red, and genes with high expression in PN are shown in blue. The node size correlates to the degree of difference in P. nigrum/P. flaviflorum. (PNG 2446 kb

MOESM1 of Comparative metabolomics in vanilla pod and vanilla bean revealing the biosynthesis of vanillin during the curing process of vanilla

Additional file 1: Figure S1. A part of components change in the process and relate to the vanillin biosynthesis. a. Erythrose-4-phosphate; b. Glucose; c. p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde; d. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde; e. Protocatechuic acid; f. Cresol; g. 3-Dehydroshikimate; h. Vanillin; i. Vanillic acid; j. Vanillyl alcohol; k. Vanillylamine; l. Cinnamic acid; m. Phenylpyruvic acid, p-Coumaric acid; n. Cafferic acid; o. L-Phenylalanine; p. Tyrosine; q. Ferulic acid; r. Coniferyl alcohol; s. Glucovanillin; t. Capsaicin

Data_Sheet_1_Characteristics of soil microbiota and organic carbon distribution in jackfruit plantation under different fertilization regimes.docx

Manure amendment to improve soil organic carbon (SOC) content is an important strategy to sustain ecosystem health and crop production. Here, we utilize an 8-year field experiment to evaluate the impacts of organic and chemical fertilizers on SOC and its labile fractions as well as soil microbial and nematode communities in different soil depths of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.). Three treatments were designed in this study, including control with no amendment (CK), organic manure (OM), and chemical fertilizer (CF). Results showed that OM significantly increased the abundance of total nematodes, bacterivores, bacteria, and fungi as well as the value of nematode channel ratio (NCR) and maturity index (MI), but decreased plant-parasites and Shannon diversity (H′). Soil microbial and nematode communities in three soil depths were significantly altered by fertilizer application. Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi dominated the bacterial communities of OM soil, while Nitrospira was more prevalent in CF treatment. Organic manure application stimulated some functional groups of the bacterial community related to the C cycle and saprotroph-symbiotroph fungi, while some groups related to the nitrogen cycle, pathotroph-saprotroph-symbiotroph and pathotroph-saprotroph fungi were predominated in CF treatment. Furthermore, OM enhanced the soil pH, contents of total soil N, P, K, and SOC components, as well as jackfruit yield. Chemical fertilizers significantly affected available N, P, and K contents. The results of network analyses show that more significant co-occurrence relationships between SOC components and nematode feeding groups were found in CK and CF treatments. In contrast, SOC components were more related to microbial communities than to nematode in OM soils. Partial least-squares-path modeling (PLS-PM) revealed that fertilization had significant effects on jackfruit yield, which was composed of positive direct (73.6%) and indirect effects (fertilization → fungal community → yield). It was found that the long-term manure application strategy improves soil quality by increasing SOM, pH, and nutrient contents, and the increased microbivorous nematodes abundance enhanced the grazing pressure on microorganisms and concurrently promoted microbial-derived SOC turnover.</p

Summary of the SSR types in the transcriptome.

<p>A total of 5,509 SSRs were identified. The <i>x</i>-axis indicates the repeat type. The <i>y</i>-axis indicates the number of different repeats.</p

The primers of internal control genes for real-time PCR analysis.

<p>The primers of internal control genes for real-time PCR analysis.</p

Summary results of NR sequence annotation.

<p>(A) <i>E</i> value distribution of BLASTX matches for each unigene. (B) Species-based distribution of BLASTX matches for each unigene.</p

The list of lysine mechanism-related genes in transcriptome.

<p>The list of lysine mechanism-related genes in transcriptome.</p

Distribution of GO classification (Level 2).

<p>Annotated unigenes were classified into 3 major categories (biological processes, cellular components, and molecular function) and 54 subgroups. The <i>x</i>-axis indicates the subgroups in GO annotation. The <i>y</i>-axis indicates the percentage of specific categories of genes in each main category.</p

Summary of SSR searching results.

<p>Summary of SSR searching results.</p

Summary of transcriptome data for black pepper fruits.

<p>Summary of transcriptome data for black pepper fruits.</p