2 research outputs found
CaracterisatiÎżn,at short and long terms, of ÎgSÎ4 effects alone or associated with 4-ÎĄhenyl butyrate, in a mouse model of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult.
La paralysie cĂ©rĂ©brale (PC) se dĂ©finit comme « un ensemble de troubles permanents du mouvement et/ou de la posture, responsables de limitations dâactivitĂ©s, imputables Ă des atteintes non progressives survenues sur le cerveau en dĂ©veloppement du fĆtus ou du nourrisson ». La prĂ©maturitĂ© et une Hypoxie-IschĂ©mie (HI) nĂ©onatale sont des facteurs de risque de la PC. Les garçons prĂ©sentent une vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© accrue au dĂ©veloppement dâune paralysie cĂ©rĂ©brale. Le sulfate de magnĂ©sium (MgSO4) est systĂ©matiquement administrĂ© en clinique aux mĂšres en menace dâaccouchement prĂ©maturĂ© en tant quâagent neuroprotecteur. Cependant, ces effets bĂ©nĂ©fiques ne semblent pas perdurer Ă long terme. Ces rĂ©sultats ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©galement retrouvĂ©s dans un modĂšle murin d'encĂ©phalopathie du prĂ©maturĂ© consistant en une HI rĂ©alisĂ©e chez le souriceau ĂągĂ© de 5 jours (P5). En effet, Ă court terme, le MgSO4 prĂ©vient totalement les dĂ©ficits sensorimoteurs induits par l'HI, avec la mĂȘme efficacitĂ© chez les mĂąles et les femelles. Cependant, Ă long terme, le MgSO4 induit une prĂ©vention partielle des dĂ©ficits comportementaux et ce, de maniĂšre sexe-dĂ©pendante. Pour tenter dâamĂ©liorer la neuroprotection, un projet de stratĂ©gie combinatoire a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ© au sein de lâĂ©quipe : il consiste Ă associer le MgSO4 Ă une seconde molĂ©cule prĂ©sentant des propriĂ©tĂ©s anti-excitotoxiques, anti-apoptotiques et anti-inflammatoires. Une molĂ©cule de la famille des butyrates, le 4-phĂ©nyl butyrate (4-PBA), a Ă©tĂ© retenue car elle prĂ©sente ces caractĂ©ristiques et est dâores et dĂ©jĂ administrĂ©e en clinique chez le nouveau-nĂ©. Les objectifs de ces travaux de thĂšse Ă©taient alors de comparer les effets du MgSO4 administrĂ© seul aux effets de lâassociation MgSO4/4-PBA sur les altĂ©rations induites par une HI nĂ©onatale. Pour cela, les agents ont Ă©tĂ© administrĂ©s Ă des souriceaux hypoxo-ischĂ©miĂ©s Ă 5 jours de vie. Leurs effets au niveau comportemental, cellulaire et molĂ©culaire ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©s, lors de la pĂ©riode postnatale, puis Ă lâadolescence et jusquâĂ lâĂąge adulte, tout en recherchant de potentiels effets dĂ©pendant du sexe. En parallĂšle, chez des individus non hypoxo-ischĂ©miĂ©s, les potentiels effets propres dĂ©lĂ©tĂšres des traitements ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s.Dans une premiĂšre Ă©tude, il a Ă©tĂ© montrĂ© quâĂ court terme et au niveau comportemental, lâassociation MgSO4/4-PBA nâaltĂšre pas la prĂ©vention totale induite par la MgSO4 seul. Au niveau cellulaire, le MgSO4 et l'association MgSO4/4-PBA protĂšgent de façon similaire contre la perte tissulaire induite par lâHI Ă P10. Ă long terme, le MgSO4 et l'association MgSO4/4-PBA prĂ©viennent de maniĂšre Ă©quivalente les dĂ©ficits dâapproche sociale induits par lâHI. Lâassociation MgSO4/4-PBA amĂ©liore la prĂ©vention du MgSO4 concernant les dĂ©ficits de la coordination motrice. En revanche, seule l'association MgSO4/4-PBA prĂ©vient les dĂ©ficits de motricitĂ© volontaire et les dĂ©ficits mnĂ©siques induit par lâHI. Ceci peut sâexpliquer en partie par le fait quâĂ court terme, lâassociation contrebalance lâaccumulation des prĂ©curseurs d'oligodendrocytes dans le corps calleux et dans le striatum induite par lâHI, Ă lâorigine de la prĂ©servation de l'intĂ©gritĂ© de la substance blanche Ă long terme. Par ailleurs, des rĂ©ponses Ă lâHI et aux traitements, diffĂ©rentes en fonction du sexe, ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es concernant les capacitĂ©s motrices et mnĂ©siques des animaux Ă long terme. Ces diffĂ©rences pourraient s'expliquer en partie par lâĂ©mergence de processus pathologiques liĂ©s au sexe suite Ă l'HI. En effet, 24h aprĂšs lâHI, l'apoptose semble ĂȘtre activĂ©e chez les femelles majoritairement par le biais des caspases, ce qui est peu le cas chez les mĂąles. Contrairement Ă lâadministration de MgSO4 seul, l'association MgSO4/4-PBA semble contrer ce processus apoptotique chez les femelles. LĂ encore, aucun effet propre dĂ©lĂ©tĂšre des traitements nâa Ă©tĂ© observĂ© sur le comportement des animaux, sur les paramĂštres Ă©tudiĂ©s, Ă court et long termes.Cerebral palsy (CP) is defined as " permanent disorder of movement and/or posture, responsible for activity limitations, attributable to non-progressive damage to the fetus brain". Prematurity and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) are risk factors of CP. Boys have an increased vulnerability to develop CP. Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) is routinely administered, in clinic, to mothers at risk of preterm delivery as a neuroprotective agent. However, these beneficial effects do not seem to maintain at long term. These results were also found in a mouse model of encephalopathy of prematurity consisting of an HI performed on a 5-day-old pups (P5). Indeed, at short term, MgSO4 completely prevents HI-induced sensorimotor deficits, with the same efficacy in males and females. However, at long term, MgSO4 induces a partial prevention of behavioural deficits in a sex-dependent manner. In order to improve neuroprotection, a strategy has been developed within the laboratory: it consists in associating MgSO4 with a second molecule presenting anti-excitotoxic, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. A molecule from the butyrate family, 4-phenyl butyrate (4-PBA), was chosen because it presents these characteristics and is already administered to neonates.The objectives of this thesis were to compare the effects of MgSO4 administered alone with the effects of the MgSO4/4-PBA association on the HI-induced alterations. For this purpose, the agents were administered to HI mice at P5. Their effects at the behavioural, cellular and molecular levels were observed in the postnatal period, then at the adolescence and at the adulthood, while looking for potential sex-dependent effects. In parallel, in non-HI individuals, the potential deleterious effects of the treatments were assessed.It was shown that, at short term and at a behavioural level, the MgSO4/4-PBA combination does not alter the total prevention induced by MgSO4 alone. At the cellular level, MgSO4 and the MgSO4/4-PBA association similarly protect against HI-induced tissue loss at P10. At long term, MgSO4 and MgSO4/4-PBA equivalently prevent HI-induced social approach deficits. The MgSO4/4-PBA association improves the MgSO4 prevention for motor coordination deficits. In contrast, only the MgSO4/4-PBA association prevents HI-induced motricity and memory deficits. This may be partly explained by the fact that at short term, the combination counters the HI-induced accumulation of oligodendrocyte precursors in the corpus callosum and striatum, which results in the preservation of white matter integrity at long term. In addition, sex differences in responses to HI and treatments were observed at behaviroal level at long term. These differences could be explained by the emergence of sex-related pathological processes following HI. Indeed, 24 hours after HI, apoptosis seems to be activated in females mainly through caspases, which is not the case in males. Contrary to the administration of MgSO4 alone, the MgSO4/4-PBA association seems to prevent this apoptotic process in females. No specific deleterious effect of the treatments was observed on behavior, on the parameters studied, at short and long terms