Consumer palatability scores and volatile beef flavor compounds of five USDA quality grades and four muscles

Proximate data, consumer palatability scores and volatile compounds were investigated for four beef muscles (Longissimus lumborum, Psoas major, Semimembranosus and Gluteus medius) and five USDA quality grades (Prime, Upper 2/3 Choice, Low Choice, Select, and Standard). Quality grade did not directly affect consumer scores or volatiles but interactions (P < 0.05) between muscle and grade were determined. Consumer scores and volatiles differed (P < 0.05) between muscles. Consumers scored Psoas major highest for tenderness, juiciness, flavor liking and overall liking, followed by Longissimus lumborum, Gluteus medius, and Semimembranosus (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis revealed clustering of compound classes, formed by related mechanisms. Volatile n-aldehydes were inversely related to percent fat. Increases in lipid oxidation compounds were associated with Gluteus medius and Semimembranosus, while greater quantities of sulfur-containing compounds were associated with Psoas major. Relationships between palatability scores and volatile compound classes suggest that differences in the pattern of volatile compounds may play a valuable role in explaining consumer liking

Influence of Maternal Protein Restriction in Primiparous Heifers During Mid- and/or Late-gestation on Meat Quality and Fatty Acid Profile of Progeny

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of metabolizable protein (MP) restriction in mid- and/or late-gestation on meat quality, fatty acid profile, and carcass composition of progeny

ACC/AHA Guidelines for Coronary Angiography. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Coronary Angiography)

"The ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines herein revises and updates the original “Guidelines for Coronary Angiography,” published in 1987 (1). The frequent and still-growing use of coronary angiography, its relatively high costs, its inherent risks and the ongoing evolution of its indications have given this revision urgency and priority. The expert committee appointed included private practitioners and academicians. Committee members were selected to represent both experts in coronary angiography and senior clinician consultants. Representatives from the family practice and internal medicine professions were also included on the committee. The English-language medical literature was searched for the 10 years preceding development of the guidelines. The searches yielded >1,600 references that the committee reviewed for relevance. Evidence relative to the use of coronary angiography was compiled and evaluated by the committee. Whereas randomized trials are often available for reference in the development of treatment guidelines, randomized trials regarding the use of diagnostic procedures such as coronary angiography are rarely available (2). For development of these guidelines, when coronary angiography was a necessary procedure in describing a clinical subset or in choosing a course of treatment and that therapy was shown to have an advantage for the patient, especially in the context of a randomized trial, then the indication for angiography was given greater consideration than indications cited in less-rigorous evaluations of data.

Descriptive Sensory Attributes and Volatile Flavor Compounds of Plant-Based Meat Alternatives and Ground Beef

The objective of this study was to characterize descriptive sensory attributes and volatile compounds among ground beef (GB) and plant-based meat alternatives (PBMA). The Beyond Burger, Impossible Burger, a third brand of PBMA, regular GB, and lean GB were collected from local and national chain grocery stores. Patties were formed and cooked on an enamel-lined cast iron skillet to an internal temperature of 71 °C. A trained descriptive sensory panel evaluated patties for 17 flavor attributes and 4 texture attributes. Volatile compounds were extracted using solid phase microextraction and analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Distinct differences in sensory and volatile profiles were elucidated (p < 0.05). PBMA possessed decreased beef flavor intensity and increased umami, nutty, smokey-charcoal, and musty/earthy flavor compared to GB. Sensory differences corresponded with pyrazine, furan, ketone, alcohol, and aldehyde concentration differences between products. These data support the conclusion that ground beef and PBMA possess different flavor and texture characteristics. Furthermore, the flavor of PBMA varied among available retail brands

0775 Effects of Maternal Dietary Restriction During the Second Trimester on Offspring Growth and Feedlot Performance

This study determined the impacts of maternal dietary insult during the second trimester on offspring growth and early feedlot performance. Angus-influenced commercial cows (n = 34) were naturally bred to a purebred Angus sire. During preparturition, individual cow served as the experimental unit for one-way ANOVA. During 84 d of mid gestation, cows were stratified into two groups, maintenance (n = 16) and restricted (n = 18), by initial weights (P = 0.804) and BCS (P = 0.723). Restricted cows were provided with lower forage biomass (1,662 kg/ha, DM) in comparison with maintenance (2,309 kg/ha, DM). Following the insult period, restricted cows had a mean BCS 1.55 lower (P = 0.001) than maintenance cows and a BW difference of 85.3 kg (P = 0.024). Dams were commingled and uniformly managed following mid gestation. Calves were weaned approximately 215 d of age and placed on a background diet for 7 wks before entering the feedlot phase where calves were kept in individual pens and fed a grower ration ad libitum. Calves BW were measured at birth, weaning, and every 28 d of the feedlot phase. Ultrasound was used for measurement of BF and REA during the feedlot phase. Calf temperament was evaluated at weaning and during the feedlot phase. Serum glucose, insulin, IGF-1, and cortisol were determined for calves at weaning, 1 wk before the feedlot phase, and the last day of the feeding trial. One-way ANOVA was used to determine impacts of fetal programming on calves. Individual calf served as the experimental unit. Calf BW at birth, weaning, and during feeding showed no differences (P ≥ 0.245). No differences were determined for ADFI (P ≥ 0.428), ADG (P ≥ 0.338), G:F (P ≥ 0.273), REA (P ≥ 0.285), or BF (P ≥ 0.416) during the feedlot stage. Concentrations of glucose (P ≥ 0.504), insulin (P ≥ 0.224), IGF-1 (P ≥ 0.107), and cortisol (P ≥ 0.709) were found to be similar at all time points. Restricted calves were found to be more excitable, with greater temperament scores at weaning (P = 0.026). Recent work has indicated that fetal programming alters progeny carcass characteristics. However, concerns for negative impacts on performance of progeny exist. This study determined little impact on calf performance during early feedlot stages

The effect of plant bioactive compounds on lamb performance, intake, gastrointestinal parasite burdens, and lipid peroxidation in muscle

Plant extracts have been widely used in animal production systems due to the benefits promoted by their bioactive components, mainly through their antioxidant effects and positive effects on animal growth, health, and meat quality. We determined whether bioactive compounds (BC) from grape (Vitis vinifera), olive (Olea europaea), and pomegranate (Punica granatum) have beneficial effects on lamb growth while controlling gastrointestinal parasitism and reducing skeletal lipid peroxidation in muscle. Fourteen lambs (4 to 5 mo of age) were housed in individual pens and assigned to two treatment groups (seven animals/group), where they received: 1) a basal diet of beet pulp:soybean meal (90:10) (CONTROL) and 2) the same diet, but containing 0.3% of BC extracted from grape, olive, and pomegranate (BNP). After 21 d of consuming their respective rations (period 1), all lambs were dosed with 10,000 L3 stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Intake, production, and physiological parameters were determined before infection (period 1), after oral dosage with L3 (period 2), and during early (period 3) and later (period 4) developmental stages of infection. Groups of animals did not differ in their ration intake or average daily gain, either before or after the infection, or in their parasitic burdens estimated through fecal egg counts (P \u3e 0.05). Lambs under BNP showed greater feed efficiency before infection (P \u3c 0.001), but the pattern reversed after infection. In addition, the inclusion of plant bioactives to the diet did not have an effect (P \u3e 0.05) on blood or lipid peroxidation in muscle or on hemogram, serum concentration of haptoglobin, and immunoglobulin E. These results could be explained by low dietary doses and constrained absorption or ruminal inactivation of these compounds. Changes in feed efficiencies suggest a negative interaction between BC in the diet and parasitism, which warrants further research

Zilpaterol Hydrochloride affects Cellular Muscle Metabolism and Lipid Components of 10 Different Muscles in Feedlot Heifers

This study determined if zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) altered muscle metabolism and lipid components of 10 muscles. Crossbred heifers were either supplemented with ZH ( = 9) or not (Control; = 10). Muscle tissue was collected (, , , , , , , , ) immediately following carcass splitting. The mRNA abundance of AMPkɑ, IGF-I, MHC-I, IIA and IIX, β1-adrenergic receptor (βAR) and β2AR was determined, as well as, cross-sectional area and proportion of myosin isoforms, β1AR, β2AR, β3AR, nuclei, and satellite cell density. Furthermore, neutral (NL) and polar lipid (PL) fatty acids (FA) were quantified (mg/g). Zilpaterol hydrochloride decreased MHC-IIA mRNA ( = 0.007). In addition, ZH decreased total nuclei and β1AR and increased MHC-IIX cross-sectional area ( ≤ 0.021). Quantity of NL FA were not affected by ZH ( ≥ 0.173). However, among PL FA the ratio of PUFA:SFA was greater with ZH ( = 0.048). Muscle type impacted mRNA concentration of AMPkɑ, IGF-I, MHC-I, IIA, IIX, and β1AR mRNA concentration ( ≤ 0.037). Furthermore, the fiber type proportion, fiber cross-sectional area, and the densities of nuclei, β1AR, β2AR, β3AR, and satellite cells were influenced by muscle type ( ≤ 0.030). Total NL FA were affected by muscle ( ≤ 0.046). Meanwhile, total PL FA did not differ due to muscle ( = 0.242). However, prominent PL FA,18:0, 18:1 , and 18:2 n-6 were each greater ( < 0.05) among the oxidative compared with glycolytic and . Overall, these data reveal that ZH impacts muscle metabolism and myogenic activity that establishes protein deposition. Meanwhile, ZH did not alter triglyceride content (NL), but cell membrane saturation (PL) was influenced, in accordance with alterations to muscle fiber type. Muscle also influenced muscle fiber type and lipid components. Therefore, muscle biology is greatly influenced by muscle but also through dietary inclusion of ZH

Selft-Selection of Plant Bioactive Compounds by Sheep in Response to Challenge Infection with Haemonchus Contortus

Plant bioactives can potentially benefit herbivores through their effects on health and nutrition. The objective of this study was to determine the importance of polyphenols and terpenes on the ability of lambs to self-select these compounds when challenged by a parasitic infection and the subsequent impact on their health and productivity. Thirty-five lambs were housed in individual pens and assigned to five treatment groups (7 animals/group), where they received: 1) A basal diet of beet pulp:soybean meal (90:10) (CONTROL); 2) The same diet, but containing 0.3% of bioactive natural plant compounds extracted from grape, olive and pomegranate (BNP); 3) A simultaneous offer of the diets offered to the Control and BNP groups (Choice-Parasitized; CHP-1); 4) The Control diet, and when lambs developed a parasitic infection, the choice described for CHP-1 (CHP-2); and 5) The same choice as CHP-1, but animals did not experience a parasitic burden (Choice-Non-Parasitized; CHNP). Lambs, except CHNP, were dosed with 10,000 L3 stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Infected lambs under choice treatments (CHP-1 and CHP-2) modified their feeding behavior in relation to the CHNP group as they increased their preference for the feed containing polyphenols and terpenes, interpreted as a behavior aimed at increasing the likelihood of encountering medicinal compounds and nutrients in the environment that restore health. This change in behavior corresponded with an improvement in feed conversion efficiency. However, an increased preference for the diet with added plant bioactives did not have an effect on parasitic burdens, hematological parameters, blood oxidation, or serum concentration of IgE

Influence of Maternal Carbohydrate Source (Concentrate-Based vs. Forage-Based) on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality of Progeny

The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of maternal prepartum dietary carbohydrate source on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of offspring. Angus-based cows were assigned to either a concentrate-based diet or forage-based diet during mid- and late-gestation. A subset of calves was selected for evaluation of progeny performance. Dry matter intake (DMI), body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), gain to feed (G:F), and ultrasound measurements (muscle depth, back fat thickness, and intramuscular fat) were assessed during the feeding period. Carcass measurements were recorded, and striploins were collected for Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), trained sensory panel, crude fat determination and fatty acid profile. Maternal dietary treatment did not influence (p &gt; 0.05) offspring BW, DMI, ultrasound measurements, percent moisture, crude fat, WBSF, or consumer sensory responses. The forage treatment tended to have decreased (p = 0.06) 12th rib backfat compared to the concentrate treatment and tended to have lower (p = 0.08) yield grades. The concentrate treatment had increased (p &lt; 0.05) a* and b* values compared to the forage treatment. These data suggest variation in maternal diets applied in this study during mid- and late-gestation has limited influence on progeny performance