6,604 research outputs found
Phase fluctuations and first-order correlation functions of dissipative Bose-Einstein condensates
We investigate the finite lifetime effects on first-order correlation
functions of dissipative Bose-Einstein condensates. By taking into account the
phase fluctuations up to all orders, we show that the finite lifetime effects
are neglible for the spatial first-order correlation functions, but have an
important effect on the temporal correlations. As an application, we calculate
the one-particle density matrix of a quasi-condensate of photons. Finally, we
also consider the photons in the normal state and we demonstrate that the
finite lifetime effects decrease both the spatial and temporal first-order
correlation functions.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Schwinger-Keldysh theory for Bose-Einstein condensation of photons in a dye-filled optical microcavity
We consider Bose-Einstein condensation of photons in an optical cavity filled
with dye molecules that are excited by laser light. By using the
Schwinger-Keldysh formalism we derive a Langevin field equation that describes
the dynamics of the photon gas, and in particular its equilibrium properties
and relaxation towards equilibrium. Furthermore we show that the finite
lifetime effects of the photons are captured in a single dimensionless damping
parameter, that depends on the power of the external laser pumping the dye.
Finally, as applications of our theory we determine spectral functions and
collective modes of the photon gas in both the normal and the Bose-Einstein
condensed phase
Novel sol–gel preparation of (PO)–(CaO)–(NaO)–(TiO) bioresorbable glasses (X = 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15)
Quaternary phosphate-based glasses in the PO–CaO–NaO–TiO system with a fixed PO and CaO content of 40 and 25 mol% respectively have been successfully synthesised via sol–gel method and bulk, transparent samples were obtained. The structure, elemental proportion, and thermal properties of stabilised sol–gel glasses have been characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), P nuclear magnetic resonance (P NMR), titanium K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The XRD results confirmed the amorphous nature for all stabilized sol–gel derived glasses. The EDX result shows the relatively low loss of phosphorus during the sol–gel process and Ti K-edge XANES confirmed titanium in the glass structure is in mainly six-fold coordination environment. The P NMR and FTIR results revealed that the glass structure consist of mainly Q and Q phosphate units and the Ti cation was acting as a cross-linking between phosphate units. In addition DTA results confirmed a decrease in the glass transition and crystallisation temperature with increasing NaO content. Ion release studies also demonstrated a decrease in degradation rates with increasing TiO content therefore supporting the use of these glasses for biomedical applications that require a degree of control over glass degradation. These sol–gel glasses also offer the potential to incorporate proactive molecules for drug delivery application due to the low synthesis temperature employed
Phase diffusion in a Bose-Einstein condensate of light
We study phase diffusion in a Bose-Einstein condensate of light in a
dye-filled optical microcavity, i.e., the spreading of the probability
distribution for the condensate phase. To observe this phenomenon, we propose
an interference experiment between the condensed photons and an external laser.
We determine the average interference patterns, considering quantum and thermal
fluctuations as well as dissipative effects due to the dye. Moreover, we show
that a representative outcome of individual measurements can be obtained from a
stochastic equation for the global phase of the condensate
Interaction Effects on Number Fluctuations in a Bose-Einstein Condensate of Light
We investigate the effect of interactions on condensate-number fluctuations
in Bose-Einstein condensates. For a contact interaction we variationally obtain
the equilibrium probability distribution for the number of particles in the
condensate. To facilitate comparison with experiment, we also calculate the
zero-time delay autocorrelation function for different strengths
of the interaction. Finally, we focus on the case of a condensate of photons
and discuss possible mechanisms for the interaction.Comment: 13 pages, version 3, 4 figure
Grid computing and molecular simulations: the vision of the eMinerals Project
This paper discusses a number of aspects of using grid computing methods in support of molecular simulations, with examples drawn from the eMinerals project. A number of components for a useful grid infrastructure are discussed, including the integration of compute and data grids, automatic metadata capture from simulation studies, interoperability of data between simulation codes, management of data and data accessibility, management of jobs and workflow, and tools to support collaboration. Use of a grid infrastructure also brings certain challenges, which are discussed. These include making use of boundless computing resources, the necessary changes, and the need to be able to manage experimentation
Performance management practices in humanitarian organisations
Purpose – We examine how design and implementation practices for supply chain performance management that have proven successful in commercial organisations apply to Humanitarian Organisations (HOs) to guide the process of designing and implementing performance management in humanitarian organisations.
Design/methodology/approach – We identify from the literature 10 successful practices regarding the design and implementation of supply chain performance management in commercial businesses. We apply these, using action research over a four-year period, at Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) Belgium and draw conclusions from this.
Findings – We find that tools and techniques, such as workshops and technical sheets, are essential in designing and implementing supply chain performance measurement projects at HOs. Furthermore, making a link to an IT project is crucial when implementing performance measurement systems at HOs. Overall, our case study shows that performance management practices used in business can be applied and are relevant for humanitarian supply chains.
Originality/value – Previous research has argued that there are few empirical studies in the domain of performance management at humanitarian organisations. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to provide a longitudinal understanding of the design and implementation of supply chain performance measurement at HOs
Long-Ranged Orientational Order in Dipolar Fluids
Recently Groh and Dietrich claimed the thermodynamic state of a dipolar fluid
depends on the shape of the fluid's container. For example, a homogeneous fluid
in a short fat container would phase separate when transferred to a tall skinny
container of identical volume and temperature. Their calculation thus lacks a
thermodynamic limit. We show that removal of demagnetizing fields restores the
true, shape independent, thermodynamic limit. As a consequence, spontaneously
magnetized liquids display inhomogeneous magnetization textures.Comment: 3 pages, LaTex, no figures. Submitted as comment to PRL, May 199
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