Programas de alimentação para matrizes pesadas após o pico de postura, com base em modelos para predizer a exigência energética Feeding programs for broiler breeder hens after peak production based on models to predict energy requirements

Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de matrizes pesadas, submetidas a diferentes programas de alimentação estabelecidos pela aplicação de modelos para predizer as exigências energéticas, após o pico de postura. O experimento foi conduzido no setor de avicultura da UNESP Campus Jaboticabal, com duração de 84 dias (três períodos de 28 dias). Foram utilizadas 740 matrizes de corte Hubbard Hy-Yield e 80 machos Petterson, com 55 semanas de idade. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições de 37 aves por repetição (box) e um modelo fatorial 4´3 (quatro tratamentos ´ três períodos). Os programas de alimentação avaliados foram: T1 - Fornecimento de ração de acordo com o padrão da linhagem (428 kcal/ave/dia de 55 a 66 semanas de idade); T2 - Redução semanal de energia (2 kcal de EM/ave em cada semana); T3 - Fornecimento de ração de acordo com o modelo de exigência de EM, UNESP (2000); e T4 - Fornecimento de ração de acordo com o modelo, NRC (1994). O programa de alimentação com redução semanal de energia foi adequado para manter os desempenhos produtivo e reprodutivo das aves, indicando a possibilidade de redução de 2 kcal/ave/dia, em cada semana, na alimentação de matrizes pesadas após 55 semanas de idade. Os modelos UNESP e NRC proporcionaram estimativas mais elevadas das exigências energéticas que o modelo padrão, provavelmente em decorrência do ganho de peso das matrizes, que esteve acima do recomendado para a linhagem, promovendo maiores exigências de energia para mantença.<br>This research was carried out to evaluate the performance of broiler breeder hens submitted to different feeding programs applying models to predict the metabolizable energy requirements after peak production. The experiment was conducted during 84 days (three periods of 28 days), at the Sao Paulo State University - Jaboticabal. Seven hundred and forty female broiler breeders Hubbard Hy-Yield, and eighty males Petterson 55-week old were assigned to a randomized design with four treatments and five replicates of 37 birds (box), and a factorial model 4´3 (four treatments and three periods). The feeding programs evaluated were: T1 - feeding according to the lineage recommendation (428 kcal/bird/day from 55 to 66-weeks old); T2 - energy reduction (2 kcal/bird/day for each week); T3 - feeding according to UNESP (2000) model; T4 - feeding according to NRC (1994) Model. The feeding program with weekly energy reduction was suitable to maintain the productive and reproductive performance of the birds, indicating the possibility of reducing 2 kcal/bird/day, at each week, in broiler breeders fed after 55 weeks of age. The UNESP and NRC models promoted higher energy intakes than the lineage recommendation, probably due to the body weight of breeders, that were above the recommended for lineage, providing higher energy requirements of maintenance

Loss of GPR75 protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and body fat accumulation

Approximately 1 in 4 people worldwide have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, there are currently no medications to treat this condition. This study investigated the role of adiposity-associated orphan G protein-coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) in liver lipid accumulation. We profiled Gpr75 expression and report that it is most abundant in the brain. Next, we generated the first single-cell-level analysis of Gpr75 and identified a subpopulation co-expressed with key appetite-regulating hypothalamic neurons. CRISPR-Cas9-deleted Gpr75 mice fed a palatable western diet high in fat adjusted caloric intake to remain in energy balance, thereby preventing NAFLD. Consistent with mouse results, analysis of whole-exome sequencing data from 428,719 individuals (UK Biobank) revealed that variants in GPR75 are associated with a reduced likelihood of hepatic steatosis. Here, we provide a significant advance in understanding of the expression and function of GPR75, demonstrating that it is a promising pharmaceutical target for NAFLD treatment