1,249 research outputs found
Nomenclatural and Taxonomic Notes on Names of Hawaiian Coccinellidae (Coleoptera)
Hawaii has a long and successful history of coccinellid introductions for biological control of pest insects and powdery mildew. This paper discusses the names of five established species (Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius), Hippodamia quinquesignata ambigua LeConte, Psyllobora vigintimaculata (Say), Sasajis- cymnus anomalus (Chapin), and Scymnus ambulans Blackburn), giving spelling corrections, changed generic combinations, and one new combination (Sasajis- cymnus anomalus (Chapin), n. comb.) to allow accurate usage of these names in the Hawaiian literature. Justification is also provided for the use of Hyperaspis pantherina Fursch which, until Nishida (2002), appeared in Hawaiian literature as Hyperaspis jocosa (Mulsant)
Rosy Apple Aphid
NYS IPM Type: Fruits IPM Fact SheetThe rosy apple aphid (RAA) can be found throughout the apple growing regions of North America. In the spring, the aphids feed on apple leaves and fruits, and in the summer move to alternate hosts, such as narrow-leaved plantain. The RAA will attack all apple varieties, but varieties such as Cortland, Monroe, Rhode Island Greening, Ida Red, and Golden Delicious are particularly susceptible
The Biological Control of Psylla uncatoides (Ferris & Klyver) (Homoptera: Psyllidae) on Hawaii
Asymmetric radiating brane-world
At high energies on a cosmological brane of Randall-Sundrum type, particle
interactions can produce gravitons that are emitted into the bulk and that can
feed a bulk black hole. We generalize previous investigations of such radiating
brane-worlds by allowing for a breaking of Z_2-symmetry, via different bulk
cosmological constants and different initial black hole masses on either side
of the brane. One of the notable features of asymmetry is a suppression of the
asymptotic level of dark radiation, which means that nucleosynthesis
constraints are easier to satisfy. There are also models where the radiation
escapes to infinity on one or both sides, rather than falling into a black
hole, but these models can have negative energy density on the brane.Comment: sign error in eq. (34) corrected; version to appear Phys. Rev.
Potential for Thermal Enhancement by Quercetin Mediated Mechanisms Targeting p53 Antagonists in Human Melanoma Cells
Introduction: Recently Temozolomide (TMZ) has become the more commonly used analog of DTIC-related oral agents. Although the response rates achieved by TMZ alone are less than satisfactory, there is great interest in identifying compounds that could be used in combination therapy. We have previously demonstrated that the bioflavonoid quercetin (Qct) promotes a p53-mediated response in melanoma and sensitizes melanoma to DTIC. Here we demonstrate that Qct also sensitizes cells to TMZ by a mechanism that involves the modulation of a truncated p53 family member, ΔNp73.
Society for Thermal Medicine Annual Meeting April 23-26, Clearwater Beach, FL
Control of Glycolytic Flux by AMPK and p53-mediated Signaling Pathways in Tumor Cells Grown at Low pH
Introduction: Tumor cells grow in nutrient and oxygen deprived microenvironments and adapt to the suboptimal growth conditions by altering metabolic pathways. This adaptation process characteristically results in a tumor phenotype that displays upregulated Hif-1α anaerobic glycolysis, chronic acidification, reduced rate of overall protein synthesis, lower rate of cell proliferation and aggressive invasive characteristics. Most transplantable tumors exhibit a pHe of 6.7- 7.0; the DB-1 melanoma xenografts used here have a pHe=6.7. Understanding tumor cell reaction to the microenvironment is a critical factor in predicting the tumor response to radiotherapy. The glucose regulatory molecule, 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6- Biphosphatase Isoform-3 (PFKFB3), is a bifunctional enzyme central to glycolytic flux and downstream of the metabolic stress sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which we show activates an isoform of phosphofructokinase (PFK-2).
Radiation Research Society (RRS) 8th Annual Meeting September 25-29, Maui, H
Control of Glycolytic Flux by AMPK and p53-Mediated Signaling Pathways in Tumor Cells Adapted to Grow at Low pH
Introduction: Tumor cells grow in nutrient and oxygen deprived microenvironments and adapt to the suboptimal growth conditions by altering metabolic pathways. This adaptation process characteristically results in a tumor phenotype that displays anaerobic glycolysis, chronic acidification and aggressive tumor characteristics. Understanding the tumor cell reaction to the microenvironment is a critical factor in predicting the tumor response to hyperthermia. The glucose regulatory molecule, 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6-Biphosphatase Isoform-3 (PFKFB3), is a bifunctional enzyme central to glycolytic flux and downstream of the metabolic stress sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which has been shown to activate an isoform of Phosphofructokinase (PFK-2).
Society for Thermal Medicine Annual Meeting April 23-26, Clearwater Beach, FL
Drug Interactions with Glutaredoxin Orthologues
Glutaredoxin, an enzymatic protein, is an important component of cell viability and function. It catalyzes reactions involved in DNA synthesis and innate immunity [1,4]. Glutaredoxin is also essential in antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacterial species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in particular is responsible for infecting the lung tissue of its human hosts, resulting in the development of pneumonia and cystic fibrosis [3]. Because glutaredoxin is pertinent in cell proliferation of eukaryotic and bacterial cells alike, medicinal fragments that take advantage of the subtle differences in protein structure of the orthologous proteins can be synthesized and enhanced to bind bacterial glutaredoxins, without inhibiting the function of the human form. This can be accomplished by exploiting the mechanisms of fragment based drug discovery using NMR techniques. A library of small potential medicinal fragments are screened against each protein to determine which interact, or bind most efficiently to the bacterial orthologues with little to no interaction with eukaryotic cells. To confirm the ability of select fragments hits to kill bacterial cells without harming human cells, MTT and MIC assays are performed to determine what concentration of fragment is needed to obtain desired therapeutic results [6,7]. These assays were performed against selected lead fragments, particularly RK207 and RK395, which can be structurally enhanced to bind even more to the bacterial orthologues. This research can potentially lead to the development of drug targets against bacterial orthologues of glutaredoxin to treat life threatening diseases caused by pathogenic species
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Substrate flexibility of the flavin-dependent dihydropyrrole oxidases PigB and HapB involved in antibiotic prodigiosin biosynthesis
In the biosynthesis of the tripyrrolic pigment prodigiosin, PigB is a predicted flavin-dependent oxidase responsible for formation of 2-methyl-3-amylpyrrole (MAP) from a dihydropyrrole. To prove which dihydropyrrole is the true intermediate, both possibilities, 5a (resulting from transamination of the aldehyde of 3-acetyloctanal) and 6 (resulting from transamination of the ketone), were synthesised. Only 5a restored pigment production in a strain of Serratia sp. ATCC 39006 blocked earlier in MAP biosynthesis. PigB is membrane-associated and inactive when its transmembrane domain was deleted, but HapB, its homologue in Hahella chejuensis, lacks the transmembrane domain and is active in solution. Two colorimetric assays for PigB and HapB were developed, and the HapB-catalysed reaction was kinetically characterised. Ten analogues of 5a were synthesised, varying in the C2 and C3 side-chains, and tested as substrates of HapB in vitro and for restoration of pigment production in Serratia ΔpigD in vivo. All lengths of side-chain tested at C3 were accepted but only short side-chains at C2 were accepted. The knowledge that 5a is an intermediate in prodigiosin biosynthesis and the ease of synthesis of analogues of 5a makes a range of prodigiosin analogues readily available by mutasynthesis.We acknowledge the Frances and Augustus Newman foundation, the Cambridge Commonwealth Trust, Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and the B.B.S.R.C. (award codesBB/N008081/1 and BB/K001833/1) for funding this research
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