To build trust with employee and gain their loyalty as the key to success

Employees are your most valuable assets. Organisations are highly dependent on employees' loyalty and expect their trust in the organization as a key ingredient factor. A successful company needs employees trust and who are loyal to what it stands for and to what it’s trying to achieve. Therefore, to ensure the sustainability and competitive advantage of an organization in facing the challenge of success, it is advised that employers examine several approaches that can be taken to win loyalty and build their trust and see the benefits and significant impact on the organization in the future. it is a step forward in creating organizational solutions and success

SOURCES OF MYCORRHIZAL INFECTION OF SHOREA ACUMINATA SEEDLINGS UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS*)

Uninoculated dipterocarp seedlings raised in normal field soil in nurseries were always found to have mycorrhizas after a few months. This study set out to determine whether dipterocarp seedlings could continue to grow and develop in the absence of mycorrhizas and also to determine possible sources of mycorrhizal infection of  dipterocarp  seedlings  raised  under  laboratory  conditions  using  Shorea  acuminata  as  a  typical  example. Seedlings were planted in capped or uncapped perspex boxes containing  sterile or non-sterile  field soil and watered  daily  with  sterile  water  or  tap  water.  Seedling  growth  and  development  of  mycorrhizas  were monitored at monthly intervals for up to seven months. Seedlings grown in sterile soil remained uninfected after seven months while infection was found in some of the seedlings grown in normal soil regardless of whether they had been watered with tap water or sterile water. This showed that field soil (i.e. under grass) far from the forest contained suitable inoculum for forest tree seedlings. Tap water and the air were not important sources of infection. However, mycorrhizal  infection was  very  uneven  indicating  that  the  inoculum was  probably  very  unevenly distributed in the soil or that the inoculum density was rather low. Seedlings grown in sterile soil showed better growth  than  those  grown  in  normal  soil  and  infection  of  roots  by  parasitic  fungi  in  the  latter was  also observed.Key words:    Mycorrhizas/Plant pathology/lnfections/Shorea  acuminata/Seedlings

Bounds for the Second Hankel Determinant of Certain Univalent Functions

The estimates for the second Hankel determinant a_2a_4-a_3^2 of analytic function f(z)=z+a_2 z^2+a_3 z^3+...b for which either zf'(z)/f(z) or 1+zf"(z)/f'(z) is subordinate to certain analytic function are investigated. The estimates for the Hankel determinant for two other classes are also obtained. In particular, the estimates for the Hankel determinant of strongly starlike, parabolic starlike, lemniscate starlike functions are obtained

Studies of Two Seed-Borne Fungi of Some Malaysian Forest Tree Species

Twenty-six species of saprophytic fungi and ten species of potentially pathogenic fungi were isolated from seeds of five indigenous and three introduced forest tree species. Isolation of the fungi using both the blotter and the agar plate methods was carried out to ensure the isolation of as many species as possible from each seed sample. Six new species of fungi not previously recorded in Malaysia were discovered. They were Beltraniella nilgrica Pirozynski & Patil, Chaetomium trilaterale Chivers, Cylindrocladium scoparium Morgan, Cryptodiaporthe sp., Gliocephalo trichum simplex (J. Meyer) Wiley & Simmons and Gliocladium sp. Various factors affecting the growth of two fungi - Cylindrocladium scoparium Morgan, a new species recorded in Malaysia which is Fotentially pathogenic, and Pestalotiopsis versicol or (Speg.) Steyaert, one of the most commonly occurring saprophytes - were investigated. These factors were the effect of nutrients, light, temperature, pH and various vitamins. Suitable culture conditions were developed for both fungi. Seedling inoculation tests showed that Cylindrocladium scoparium was pathogenic to seedlings of Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco, a species indigenous to Malaysian forests, and Pinus caribaea Mor., a species of tropical pine introduced into and pl anted in this country. An investigation into some of the enzymes produced by the two fungi was also carried out to obtain a better understanding of the roles of C. scoparium and P. versicolor in seed deterioration and pathogenicity