8,703 research outputs found
Lonely Too Long: Redefining and Reforming Juvenile Solitary Confinement
Solitary confinement is a frequently used penal tool in all fifty states against all types of offenders. However, since its development in the 1800s, solitary confinement has been found to have damaging psychological effects. Juvenile inmates in particular suffer the greatest psychological damage from solitary confinement because their brains are still in a developmental state. This has led many to propose various reforms that would either end or limit the use of solitary confinement for those under the age of eighteen. However, new neurological studies on brain development show that inmates between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five also suffer similar psychological harms and therefore should be included in these reforms. Pulling from these new neurological studies, this Note proposes federal legislation that would limit the use of solitary confinement for inmates under the age of twenty-five
New Wisconsin Record for \u3ci\u3ePterostichus Punctatissimus\u3c/i\u3e (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
A single specimen of Pterostichus punctatissimus (Randall) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) was recovered from an unbaited pitfall trap in northern Wisconsin in late May, 2013. This is the first recorded extant specimen of the species collected in Wisconsin
Assessment of the Intake and Knowledge of Folate/Folic Acid Among UNH Students
There are 3,000 U.S. pregnancies affected by spina bifida and anencephaly annually. If women consume adequate amounts of folic acid (400 mcg/day) one month before pregnancy and through the first trimester, then the risk of their infant developing a neural tube defect (NTD) is reduced by 50-70%. However, approximately 50% of pregnancies are unplanned, with some of the highest rates among 18-24 year olds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge source, knowledge level, and intake of folic acid among college-aged students. Qualtrics surveys from 96 subjects (87.5% female, aged 18-24) were used for analysis. In the female sample, 16% were taking a multivitamin containing folic acid and 7% a folic acid supplement. Three questions assessed the sample’s level of folic acid knowledge. Seventy-six percent knew adequate amounts are needed to prevent NTDs, 71% knew it is most important to start consuming it before pregnancy, and 54% answered at least half of the correct food sources. There were 19 females who took an introductory nutrition course, and 63.2% correctly answered NTDs, before pregnancy, and at least half the food sources. Subjects who got folic acid knowledge from a college course were significantly more likely to answer the three questions correctly compared to those who never received information on the vitamin. Findings suggested that among college students, the best source of information about folic acid is college courses. Future research may study the correlation between folic acid knowledge and knowledge source among a larger, more diverse college population
Hyperbanana Graphs
A bar-and-joint framework is a finite set of points together with specified
distances between selected pairs. In rigidity theory we seek to understand when
the remaining pairwise distances are also fixed. If there exists a pair of
points which move relative to one another while maintaining the given distance
constraints, the framework is flexible; otherwise, it is rigid.
Counting conditions due to Maxwell give a necessary combinatorial criterion
for generic minimal bar-and-joint rigidity in all dimensions. Laman showed that
these conditions are also sufficient for frameworks in R^2. However, the
flexible "double banana" shows that Maxwell's conditions are not sufficient to
guarantee rigidity in R^3. We present a generalization of the double banana to
a family of hyperbananas. In dimensions 3 and higher, these are
(infinitesimally) flexible, providing counterexamples to the natural
generalization of Laman's theorem
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