Variation in and assessment of inferior alveolar nerve block landmarks in children and adolescents

OBJECTIVES: In earlier work (Lambert et al., 2017) we demonstrated the efficacy of new landmarks for inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block injections. While the latter study focused on adult morphology, the landmarks were shown to be effective in cases where the M3/3 were present but unerupted. Based on these result a question arose as to their applicability of the landmarks to children and adolescents, given the known changes in mandibular foramen position during growth. Here we quantify the position of the mandibular foramen relative to standard landmarks during growth and assess the new landmarks applicability for IAN injections in pre-adolescents

Effects of Sports Activity on Sustainable Social Environment and Juvenile Aggression

It is believed that sports, as a social institution, are one of the most critical extracurricular activities for adolescent as they teach the rules and disciplines. However, the effects of sports participation on adolescent development are still controversial at the level of theoretical and empirical perspectives in sociology and psychology. For this reason, this study focused on the causal relationships among sports activity, social and environmental factors, and juvenile aggression based on empirical research to examine the effects of sports on adolescents. For this purpose, this research used the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) which surveyed 2378 adolescents by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from 98 schools across South Korea. The data was analyzed by reliability analysis, correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, multiple regression, and path analysis with SPSS ver. 23.0 program for Windows. The results were as follows: Firstly, sports activity had a statistically significant effect on the sustainable social environmental factors, and teacher and friend relationships. Secondly, it was found that sustainable social environment had a statistically significant effect on juvenile aggression toward others and oneself. Lastly, sports activity also showed an indirect effect on juvenile aggression toward others and oneself. This means that sports activity affects juvenile aggression through a sustainable social environment. In detail, more sports activity could positively improve one’s relationships with teachers and friends and then reduce aggression toward both others and oneself

Analysis of Black Widow’s scaffolding fibers

Spider silk is characterized to be incredibly strong and versatile, making it a valuable resource for manufacturing synthetic fibers for industrial applications. The objective of this study is to analyze the scaffolding fibers of Lactrodectus hesperus, a cobweaver, which creates asymmetrical three-dimensional web. To date, scaffolding silk has been shown to contain two structural silk proteins, Major Ampullate Spidroin 1 (MaSp1) and Major Ampullate Spidroin 2 (MaSp2). We hypothesize that scaffolding silk contains other novel proteins that have yet to be identified. In order to explore the potential of novel proteins assembled into scaffolding fibers, we collected threads from female black widow spiders, dissolved the fibers in a protein denaturant, alkylated the side chain cysteine residues, and then digested the protein mixture with trypsin. Tryptic peptides were separated using nano high performance liquid chromatography (nanoHPLC) and then subject to MS and MS/MS analysis using an Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer. Analysis of the scaffolding threads revealed the presence of several new proteins in scaffolding fibers

Variation in and assessment of inferior alveolar nerve block landmarks in children and adolescents

OBJECTIVES: In earlier work (Lambert et al., 2017) we demonstrated the efficacy of new landmarks for inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block injections. While the latter study focused on adult morphology, the landmarks were shown to be effective in cases where the M3/3 were present but unerupted. Based on these result a question arose as to their applicability of the landmarks to children and adolescents, given the known changes in mandibular foramen position during growth. Here we quantify the position of the mandibular foramen relative to standard landmarks during growth and assess the new landmarks applicability for IAN injections in pre-adolescents

Needle position in relation to the occlusal and coronoid notch planes and anesthesia in children and juveniles

Earlier (Lambert et al., 2017) we demonstrated the efficacy of new inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block landmarks in adolescents-adults and their validity in infants-juveniles (Soi et al, 2018). We present a refined assessment of distances and injection pathways to better assess these landmarks

Needle position in relation to the occlusal and coronoid notch planes and anesthesia in children and juveniles

Earlier (Lambert et al., 2017) we demonstrated the efficacy of new inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block landmarks in adolescents-adults and their validity in infants-juveniles (Soi et al, 2018). We present a refined assessment of distances and injection pathways to better assess these landmarks

Smartphone usage and overdependence risk among middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Previous studies have predominantly focused on smartphone overdependence among adolescents and young adults. However, as smartphone usage has recently surged among South Korean middle-aged and older adults, the risk of smartphone overdependence cannot be overlooked among this population. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the smartphone usage pattern and the associated risk of overdependence in this specific age group. Methods The data for individuals who aged 50 or older were extracted from the dataset of a nationwide survey, “The Survey on Smartphone Overdependence, 2021,” and the usage of each type of smartphone content and risk of smartphone overdependence among individuals in their 50 s and 60 s were investigated. Age-group-based differences in demographic characteristics, Smartphone Overdependence Scale scores, self-awareness of smartphone overdependence, digital literacy, and psychosocial factors were analyzed. Additionally, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors associated with the potential-to-high risk of smartphone overdependence in both age groups. Results Individuals in their 50s had significantly higher digital literacy, social relations, life satisfaction, and smartphone overdependence scores than those in their 60s, and the percentage of individuals in the high-risk group was also higher in the 50s age group. For both age groups, the most used content was “messenger,” “news,” and “movies/TV/videos,” whereas the least used content was e-learning, gambling, and adult content. The multivariable analysis indicated that, for individuals in their 50s, having a lower educational level was associated with significantly higher odds, whereas having a job and utilizing e-commerce-related contents on smartphone were associated with significantly lower odds of potential-to-high risk for smartphone overdependence. Concerning individuals in their 60s, having a lower educational level and using adult content or gambling were significantly associated with higher odds of potential-to-high risk for smartphone overdependence. Conclusion This study reveals the risk of smartphone overdependence among middle-aged and older adults in South Korea as well as the associated risk factors. This will assist policymakers in developing policies for the appropriate use of smartphones by these age groups

The Effects of Musical Factors on the Perception of Auditory Illusions

This study delves into how various musical factors influence the experience of auditory illusions, building on Diana Deutsch's scale illusion experiments and subsequent studies. Exploring the interaction between scale mode and timbre, this study assesses their influence on auditory misperceptions, while also considering the impact of an individual's musical training and ability to discern absolute pitch. Participants were divided into non-musicians, musicians with absolute pitch, and musicians with relative pitch, and were exposed to stimuli modified across three scale modes (tonal, dissonant, atonal) and two timbres (same, different). The findings suggest that scale illusions occur less frequently with different timbres and vary with scale mode. Crucially, the absolute pitch ability appears to have a more significant impact on the perception of illusions than the duration of musical training. This research contributes to understanding the complex interplay between various factors in auditory perception and the mechanisms behind the experience of auditory illusions

Additional file 1 of Smartphone usage and overdependence risk among middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study

Additional file 1. Digital literacy, psychosocial characteristics, and smartphone dependence based on the age group, detailed. In the main text, the scores of digital literacy, social relations, life satisfaction, and the Smartphone Overdependence Scale are presented as categorical scores. However, this file indicates which item belonged to which category, the score for each item, and the age-group-based differences in each item