The “Singapore Model” in Gaming: Applications in South Korea

The gaming governance system in Singapore is a very well-known and internationally renowned model. Singapore began to launch their gaming regulation system in 2005 by establishing a national framework on gambling prior to opening two integrated resorts in the country in 2010 (Winslow, Cheok, & Subramaniam, 2015). In contrast, the South Korean “model” is much less renowned. Though there have been discussions about introducing full-scale integrated resorts, the government currently allows South Korean citizens to gamble in only one property - Kangwon Land (Research, 2016). However, Kangwon Land’s situation is controversial in South Korea, with concerns about problem gambling issues arising from the very beginning. The gambling addiction rate of South Korea in 2012 study conducted by National Gaming Control Commission, was 6.1%, which was significantly higher than that of Singapore which was only 0.2% in 2014 (though it should be noted, measurement differences are common in this field). This gambling addiction rate also appears to be high compared to some other countries such as the U.K. (2.5%), Australia (2.4%), and France (1.3%) (The Chosunilbo, 2012)

Effect of nonuniformity in temperature distribution on the performance of a stripe-geometry double-heterostructure laser

A theoretical model is developed to study the nonuniform temperature distribution in the laser cavity and its effect on the radiation pattern, threshold current, and emission spectrum of a gain-guiding stripe-geometry double-heterostructure laser. This model takes into account lateral current spreading, carrier out-diffusion, two dimensional heat diffusion, and the resultant gain and refractive index variation parallel to the junction planes. The effective dielectric constant method with parabolic approximation was used in solving the resulting two dimensional wave equation;Calculated results are generally in good agreement with existing experimental data. According to the model, lateral thermal guiding exists, in addition to gain-guiding, for stripe-geometry lasers under CW operation. This results in a reduction of lateral fundamental mode width and also affects the higher order mode intensity profiles. For instance, the intensity peaks of the first order lateral mode are shifted toward the center region of the stripe, thus increasing the mode gain. This may result in an optical nonlinearity at a lower radiation power level. Thermal guiding was found to be relatively important in thick active layer, narrow stripe, proton-bombarded lasers;The result also shows that the product of thermal resistance and threshold current at room temperature should be reduced to improve performance at elevated temperature. Reduction of active layer thickness up to the vicinity of 0.1 (mu)m decreases junction heating by lowering the threshold current without a substantial change in thermal resistance. For a GaAs/AlGaAs laser, a thin P-AlGaAs layer is also desirable for lower junction heating since the thickness of the layer effects thermal resistance of the device significantly. The effect of other laser dimensions, including stripe width and laser cavity length, was also included in the discussion of an optimal thermal design;The model is applicable to different stripe-geometry lasers as well as other III-V compound lasers such as the InGaAsP/InP device

I Plus Nature in a Nested Society

Inspired by the dynamism of our daily life in a nested society and our hope to live with nature, we explored the use of unconventional, utility materials to convey the images of our interwoven society and our wish for going back to nature into this design. Design motifs were came from various shapes and movements of leaves and crystal beads were applied to provide additional interest and depth of the design

Synergistic multi-doping effects on the Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte for fast lithium ion conduction.

Here, we investigate the doping effects on the lithium ion transport behavior in garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) from the combined experimental and theoretical approach. The concentration of Li ion vacancy generated by the inclusion of aliovalent dopants such as Al(3+) plays a key role in stabilizing the cubic LLZO. However, it is found that the site preference of Al in 24d position hinders the three dimensionally connected Li ion movement when heavily doped according to the structural refinement and the DFT calculations. In this report, we demonstrate that the multi-doping using additional Ta dopants into the Al-doped LLZO shifts the most energetically favorable sites of Al in the crystal structure from 24d to 96 h Li site, thereby providing more open space for Li ion transport. As a result of these synergistic effects, the multi-doped LLZO shows about three times higher ionic conductivity of 6.14 × 10(-4) S cm(-1) than that of the singly-doped LLZO with a much less efforts in stabilizing cubic phases in the synthetic condition

Real-Time Monitoring of Nitric Oxide Dynamics in the Myocardium: Biomedical Application of Nitric Oxide Sensor

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important physiological mediator that regulates a wide range of cellular processes in many tissues. Therefore, the accurate and reliable measurement of physiological NO concentration is essential to the understanding of NO signaling and its biological role. Most methods used for NO detection are indirect including spectroscopic approaches such as the Griess assay for nitrite and detection of methemoglobin after NO reaction with oxyhemoglobin. These methods cannot accurately reflect the changes in NO concentration in vivo and in real time. Therefore, direct methods are necessary for investigating biological process and diseases related to NO in biological conditions. There is a growing interest in the development of electrochemically based sensors for direct, in vivo, and real-time monitoring of NO. Electrochemical methods offer simplicity, good sensitivity, high selectivity, fast response times, and long-term calibration stability compared to other techniques including electron paramagnetic resonance, chemiluminescence, and fluorescence. In this article, we present real-time NO dynamics in the myocardium during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) utilizing electrochemical NO microsensor. And applications of electrochemical NO sensor for the evaluation of cardioprotective effects of therapeutic treatments such as drug administration and ischemic preconditioning are reviewed

Competition between B-Z and B-L transitions in a single DNA molecule: Computational studies

Under negative torsion, DNA adopts left-handed helical forms, such as Z-DNA and L-DNA. Using the random copolymer model developed for a wormlike chain, we represent a single DNA molecule with structural heterogeneity as a helical chain consisting of monomers which can be characterized by different helical senses and pitches. By Monte Carlo simulation, where we take into account bending and twist fluctuations explicitly, we study sequence dependence of B-Z transitions under torsional stress and tension focusing on the interaction with B-L transitions. We consider core sequences, (GC)(n) repeats or (TG)(n) repeats, which can interconvert between the right-handed B form and the left-handed Z form, imbedded in a random sequence, which can convert to left-handed L form with different (tension dependent) helical pitch. We show that Z-DNA formation from the (GC)(n) sequence is always supported by unwinding torsional stress but Z-DNA formation from the (TG)(n) sequence, which are more costly to convert but numerous, can be strongly influenced by the quenched disorder in the surrounding random sequence.National Research Foundation NRF-2012 R1A1A3013044 NRF-2014R1A1A2055681NRF-2012R1A1A2021736IBS-R023-D1NRF-2015R1A2A2A01005916Chemistr

Peroxisome Proliferators-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Modulators and Metabolic Disorders

Overweight and obesity lead to an increased risk for metabolic disorders such as impaired glucose regulation/insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Several molecular drug targets with potential to prevent or treat metabolic disorders have been revealed. Interestingly, the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), which belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily, has many beneficial clinical effects. PPAR directly modulates gene expression by binding to a specific ligand. All PPAR subtypes (α, γ, and σ) are involved in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy balance. PPAR agonists play an important role in therapeutic aspects of metabolic disorders. However, undesired effects of the existing PPAR agonists have been reported. A great deal of recent research has focused on the discovery of new PPAR modulators with more beneficial effects and more safety without producing undesired side effects. Herein, we briefly review the roles of PPAR in metabolic disorders, the effects of PPAR modulators in metabolic disorders, and the technologies with which to discover new PPAR modulators

Interfacial architecture for extra Li+ storage in all-solid-state lithium batteries

The performance of nanocomposite electrodes prepared by controlled ball-milling of TiS2 and a Li2S-P2S5 solid electrolyte (SE) for all-solid-state lithium batteries is investigated, focusing on the evolution of the microstructure. Compared to the manually mixed electrodes, the ball-milled electrodes exhibit abnormally increased first-charge capacities of 416 mA h g-1and 837 mA h g-1 in the voltage ranges 1.5-3.0 V and 1.0-3.0 V, respectively, at 50 mA g-1 and 30??C. The ball-milled electrodes also show excellent capacity retention of 95% in the 1.5-3.0 V range after 60 cycles as compared to the manually mixed electrodes. More importantly, a variety of characterization techniques show that the origin of the extra Li+ storage is associated with an amorphous Li-Ti-P-S phase formed during the controlled ball-milling process.open1

Improvement of Lipids and Reduction of Oxidative Stress With Octacosanol After Taekwondo Training

Athletes in combat sports undergo rapid changes in body weight prior to competition in order to gain a size advantage over their opponent. However, these large weight changes with concomitant high-intensity exercise training create poor lipid profiles and high levels of oxidative stress, which can be detrimental to health and sport performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of the nutritional supplement octacosanol to combat the physiological detriments that occur in taekwondo players during rapid weight loss with high-intensity exercise training. Methods: A total of 26 male taekwondo players were randomly divided into 2 groups: An experimental group performed a 5% weight-loss and taekwondo training program with 40-mg octacosanol intake (OCT; n = 13) for 6 d, and a control group performed the same weight-loss and taekwondo training program with a placebo (CON; n = 13). Results: There were significant (P \u3c .05) group × time interactions for low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, which significantly decreased (Δ18 [5] mg/dL and Δ80 [7] mg/dL, respectively), and high-density lipoprotein, which significantly increased (Δ10 [7] mg/dL), in the OCT group compared with the CON group. There were also significant (P \u3c .05) group × time interactions for superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA), with SOD increasing (Δ226 [121] U/gHb) in the OCT group, while GPx decreased (Δ20 [13] U/gHb) and MDA increased (Δ72 [0.04] nmol/mL) in the CON group. Conclusion: These results suggest that octacosanol may be a beneficial supplement to protect against the poor cholesterol levels and oxidative stress that occurs during taekwondo training