Antibiogram i otpornost na teške metale bakterije Vibrio alginolyticus izdvojene iz atlantske bijele kozice (Litopenaeus vannamei).

This paper describes the antibiogram and heavy metal resistancepattern of Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from farmed white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). V. alginolyticus has been recognized as a causative agent of vibriosis in shrimp culture and can devastate an entire shrimp farm. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the suitability of using antibiotics against V. alginolyticus, as well as its tolerance to heavy metals, to reveal the exposure level of cultured shrimp to heavy metals. In the present study, a total of 14 antibiotics; oxolinic acid (2 μg), ampicillin (10 μg), erythromycin (15 μg), furazolidone (15 μg), lincomycin (15 μg), colistin sulphate (25 μg), oleandomycin (15 μg), doxycycline (30 μg), fosfomycin (50 μg), florfenicol (30 μg), flumequine (30 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), fosfomycin (50 μg) and spiramycin (100 μg) as well as four heavy metals; mercury (Hg2+), cadmium (Cd2+), chromium (Cr6+) and copper (Cu2+) were applied. Based on the results for antibiotic sensitivity, it was shown that oxolinic acid is the most effective antibiotic in controlling V. alginolyticus, where 92.8% of the bacterial isolates present were sensitive to it. It was followed by furazolidone (85.6%), nitrofuratoin (79.8%), tetracycline (78.8%), doxycycline (72.2%) and florfenicol (71.2%). On the other hand, all the bacterial isolates present were resistant to lincomycin. In the heavy metal tolerance test, all the bacterial isolates present were resistant to Hg2+, Cd2+ and Cr6+ whereas only 26.7% of them were resistant to Cu2+.U radu je opisan antibiogram bakterije Vibrio alginolyticus izdvojene iz farmski uzgajane atlantske bijele kozice (Litopenaeus vannamei) i njezina otpornost na teške metale. Kao uzročnik vibrioze V. alginolyticus može dovesti do propadanja cijele farme. Stoga je poduzeto istraživanje s ciljem da se pronađe djelotvoran antibiotik protiv bakterije V. alginolyticus te da se ustanovi razina njezine podnošljivosti na teške metale kako bi se ustanovila razina izloženosti uzgajanih kozica tim metalima. Istražena je osjetljivost na 14 antimikrobnih tvari: oksolinsku kiselinu (2 μg), ampicilin (10 μg), eritromicin (15 μg), furazolidon (15 μg), linkomicin (15 μg), kolistin sulfat (25 μg), oleandomicin (15 μg), doksiciklin (30 μg), fosfomicin (50 μg), florfenikol (30 μg), flumekvin (30 μg), tetraciklin (30 μg) i spiramicin (100 μg), te na četiri teška metala: živu (Hg2+), kadmij (Cd2+), krom (Cr6+) i bakar (Cu2+). Najučinkovitijom se pokazala oksolinska kiselina na koju je bilo osjetljivo 92,8% izolata V. alginolyticus. Na furazolidon je bilo osjetljivo 85,6%, na nitrofuratoin 79,8%, na tetracillin 78,8%, na doksiciklin 72,2% i na florfenikol 71,2% izolata. S druge strane, svi su izolati bili otporni na linkomicin. U testu podnošljivosti na teške metale svi su bakterijski izolati bili otporni na ione žive, kadmija i kroma, dok je samo 26,7% bilo otporno na ione bakra

ASSESSMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF Salmonella spp. ISOLATED FROM FARMED ASIAN CLAM Corbicula fluminea

U ovom istraživanju, Salmonella spp. je uspješno izolirana iz azijskog školjkaša Corbicula fluminea primjenom Ksiloza Lizin Deoksiolata (XLD) selektivnog agara. Ukupno je izolirano 200 bakterijskih kolonija iz živih azijskih školjkaša i podvrgnuto ispitivanju osjetljivosti na antimikrobne tvari primjenom disk difuzije. U istraživanju je primijenjeno ukupno 18 antibiotika, i to: oksolinska kiselina, nalidiksična kiselina, eritromicin, tetraciklin, doksiciklin, oleandomicin, oksitetraciklin, spiramicin, ampicillin, kanamicin, fosfomicin, florfenikol, linkomicin, novobiocin, kloramfenikol, amoksicilin, flumekvin i sulfametoksazol. Rezultati ove studije ukazali su da je ukupni uzorak osjetljivih na antibiotike za Salmonella spp. izolirane iz uzorka C. fluminea bilo 50% ili 1800 slučajeva. Potom su uslijedili slučajevi rezistencije na antibiotike od 45% ili 1620 slučajeva i posredno osjetljivih na antibiotike (5% ili 180 slučajeva). Na temelju rezultata, tetraciklin, doksiciklin, oksitetraciklin i flumekvin pokazali su najveću inhibiciju izolirane Salmonella spp. Indeks višestruke rezistencije na antibiotike (MAR) bio je 0,36, što ukazuje da su uzorci školjkaša bili visoko izloženi testiranim antibioticima.In the present study, Salmonella spp. was successfully isolated from Asian clam Corbicula fluminea by using Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) selective agar. A total of 200 bacterial colonies from live Asian clams were isolated and subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity test by using disc diffusion method. A total of 18 antibiotics was applied in the present study, namely oxolinic acid, nalidixic acid, erythromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, oleandomycin, oxytetracycline, spiramycin, ampicillin, kanamycin, fosfomycin, florfenicol, lincomycin, novobiocin, chloramphenicol, amoxycillin, flumequine and sulphamethoxazole. The findings of the present study showed that total antibiotic sensitive case for Salmonella spp. isolated from C. fluminea sample was 50% or 1800 cases. This was followed by antibiotic resistance case 45% or 1620 cases and intermediary antibiotic sensitive case (5% or 180 cases). Based on the results of the present study, tetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline and flumequine showed the highest inhibition of isolated Salmonella spp. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was 0.36, indicating the sampled clams were highly exposed to the tested antibiotics

Proširenost bakterije Edwardsiella tarda u azijske školjke Corbicula fluminea na području Pasir Mas, Kelantan u Maleziji s naglaskom na antibiogram, podnošljivost na teške metale i genetsku raznolikost.

This paper deals with the antibiogram, heavy metal tolerance and genetic properties of Edwardsiella tarda colonizing live Asian Clam, Corbicula fluminea from Pasir Mas, Kelantan, Malaysia. Asian Clam is a popular snack for Malaysians. An antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out using the disc diffusion method against 19 types of antibiotics, namely: oxolinic acid, ampicillin, erythromycin, lincomycin, oleandomycin, amoxicillin, colistin sulphate, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, florfenicol, flumequine, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, novobiocin, tetracycline, fosfomycin, spiramycin and compound sulphonamides, whereas heavy metal tolerance of bacteria to Hg2+, Cd2+, Cr6+ and Cu2+ was tested using the two fold agar dilution method. The RAPD PCR profile of the bacteria was characterized using three different types of universal primers. It was found that there were most cases of antibiotic sensitivity (56.1%), followed by antibiotic resistance (38.6%) and antibiotic intermediate sensitivity (5.3%). Only kanamycin was found to be able to inhibit all the bacterial isolates present, whereas other bacterial isolates were resistant to fosfomycin, lincomycin, novobiocin and sulphamethoxazole. Additionally, all bacterial isolates were also resistant to all the heavy metals tested. The bacterial isolates present showed a percentage of genetic similarity ranging from 37.5% to 100%. In conclusion, the findings of the present study revealed that the sampled C. fluminea were highly exposed to antibiotic and heavy metal residues.U radu je prikazan antibiogram, podnošljivost na teške metale i genetska svojstva bakterije Edwardsiella tarda naseljene na živoj azijskoj školjci Corbicula fluminea na području Pasir Mas, Kelantan u Maleziji. Azijska se školjka često upotrebljava za zakusku prilikom razonode u Maleziji. Osjetljivost na antibiotike određena je disk difuzijskim postupkom na 19 vrsta antimikrobnih tvari: oksolinsku kiselinu, ampicilin, eritromicin, linkomicin, oleandomicin, amoksicilin, kolistin sulfat, sulfametoksazol, kloramfenikol, doksiciklin, florfenikol, flumekvin, kanamicin, nalidiksičnu kiseinu, novobiocin, tetraciklin, fosfomicin, spiramicin i sulfonamide. Podnošljivost bakterije na Hg2+, Cd2+, Cr6+ i Cu2+ određena je postupkom dvostrukog razrjeđenja agara. PCRom nasumično umnožena polimorfna DNA bakterije bila je određena upotrebom različitih tipova univerzalnih početnica. Ustanovljeno je da je 56,1% izolata bakterije bilo osjetljivo na antimikrobne tvari, 38,6% otporno, a 5,3% umjereno osjetljivo. Samo je kanamicin bio djelotvoran na sve pretražene izolate. Neki izolati bili su otporni na fosfomicin, linkomicin, novobiocin i sulfametoksazol. Svi bakterijski izolati bili su otporni na sve pretraživane teške metale. Genetska srodnost pretraženih izolata kretala se od 37,5% do 100%. Može se zaključiti da su uzorci školjke C. fluminea izloženi ostacima antibiotika i teških metala

Time-Series Data Mining in Transportation: A Case Study on Singapore Public Train Commuter Travel Patterns

Published in International Journal of Engineering and Technology 2014, 6(5), 431-438. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/IJET.2014.V6.737 Full text available at http://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/2448/</p

Limnoecology and carp fish species peak spawning timing in haor basin of Bangladesh

The present study was conducted to investigate the peak spawning timing based on the reproductive performance of carps species related to limnoecology variables, emphasizing to assess within fish population breeding variability and monthly effects over a period from April to July 2016 in the haors basin of Bangladesh. The reproductive performances were evaluated through artificial breeding technique by hormone injection in matured brood fish. The reproductive performance in terms of mean fecundity, egg weight, fertilization, hatchling and larval survival were significantly (P<0.05) highest in the month of May to June, and April compared to the months of spawning timing for the three Indian major carps, and the three exotic carp respectively. The ovulation and hatching time were significantly (p<0.05) highest in the month of July and April for the Labeo rohita, in the month of Aril for Catla catla and Cirrhinus cirrhosus and for the three exotic carp in the month of June to July compared with the others months of the breeding season. However, total length, weight and spawning response were not significantly (P>0.05) different among the months of the breeding time for the six carp species and a trend similar to the spawning success was also observed and numerically the mean value of the spawning response rate was between 88 to 93% and 83 to 90% for the three Indian major carps and the three exotic carp respectively among the months of the study. Furthermore, mean monthly values of limnoecological variables such as temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen were not significantly (P>0.05) different among the months of the breeding season of the carp species in the three haor study sites. This study may serve as an update on carp fish species peak spawning timing related to limnoecological variables in the haor basin for carps species broodstock sustainable management to get quality seeds in the aquaculture hatchery industry

Local (Malaysian) leech as alternative healing treatment and an Islamic perspective

The therapy is known from the time of extreme antiquity, dating back more than 2,500 years ago and still being practiced nowadays. This fact testifies to its efficiency in various health problems. In some cases, traditional medical practitioners use leeches for therapeutic healing treatment which is known as ‘cupping’. Such remedial method is quickly gaining acceptance amongst the local folks which is now becoming a thriving business. Some have made this treatment as their main business even though the therapy is quite recent for people in this country. This article discusses the process of cupping by using leech in the Islamic perspective and also the uniqueness of the hirudin protein in leeches respectively

IGFBP-3 Inhibits Cytokine-Induced Insulin Resistance and Early Manifestations of Atherosclerosis

Metabolic syndrome is associated with visceral obesity, insulin resistance and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Visceral fat tissue primarily consists of adipocytes that secrete cytokines leading to a state of systemic inflammation in obese conditions. One of the IGF-independent functions of IGFBP-3 is its role as an anti-inflammatory molecule. Our study in obese adolescents show a decrease in total IGFBP-3 levels and increase in proteolyzed IGFBP-3 in circulation when compared to their normal counterparts and establishes a positive correlation between IGFBP-3 proteolysis and adiposity parameters as well as insulin resistance. In human adipocytes, we show that IGFBP-3 inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB activity in an IGF-independent manner, thereby restoring the deregulated insulin signaling and negating TNF-α-induced inhibition of glucose uptake. IGFBP-3 further inhibits TNF-α, CRP and high glucose-induced NF-κB activity in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and subsequently suppresses monocyte adhesion to HAEC through the IGFBP-3 receptor. In conclusion, these findings suggest that reduced levels of IGFBP-3 in circulation and reduced expression of IGFBP-3 in macrophages in obesity may result in suppression of its anti-inflammatory functions and therefore IGFBP-3 may present itself as a therapeutic for obesity-induced insulin resistance and for events occurring in the early stages of atherosclerosis

Comparison of Surgical Outcomes in Thoracolumbar Fractures Operated with Posterior Constructs Having Varying Fixation Length with Selective Anterior Fusion

PURPOSE: Surgical treatment in the case of thoracolumbar burst fractures is very controversial. Posterior instrumentation is most frequently used, however, but the number of levels to be instrumented still remains a matter of debate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 94 patients who had a single burst fracture between T11 and L2 were selected and were managed using posterior instrumentation with anterior fusion when necessary. They were divided into three groups as follows; Group I (n = 28) included patients who were operated by intermediate segment fixation, Group II (n = 32) included patients operated by long segment fixation, and Group III (n = 34) included those operated by intermediate segment fixation with a pair of additional screws in the fractured vertebra. The mean follow-up period was twenty one months. The outcomes were analyzed in terms of kyphosis angle (KA), regional kyphosis angle (RA), sagittal index (SI), anterior height compression rate, Frankel classification, and Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire. RESULTS: In Groups II and III, the correction values of KA, RA, and SI were much better than in Group I. At the final follow up, the correction values of KA (6.3 and 12.1, respectively) and SI (6.2 and 12.0, respectively) were in Groups II and III found to be better in the latter. CONCLUSION: The intermediate segment fixation with an additional pair of screws at the fracture level vertebra gives results that are comparable or even better than long segment fixation and gives an advantage of preserving an extra mobile segment.ope