Framework for 2D animation jitter

Animation has a long and rich history that allows animators the freedom to do anything. It has changed in many ways by experimentation and innovation to reach what it is today through using computer animation technology. Traditional animation is one of the animation techniques. In traditional animation process, each of the frames was drawn one at a time by hand before it can be individually tape as a frame of film. As each of the drawings will differ slightly from the one before it, a jitter effect is produced when the frames are animated at a rapid rate. The purpose of this project is to develop a 2D jitter framework for supporting and optimizing the drawing process of traditional animation using computer animation technology. This framework is developed using NetBeans and Java programming language. The information and material used for this project were gathered from various sources like internet and reference books for providing guidelines in designing, programming, analysing and understanding. Research background was first carried out about animation and how traditional animation work. Several principles for graphical user interface were also applied while designing the layout for the 2D jitter framework such that the framework is adaptable to the changing user needs through its usability and overall usefulness. One of the greatest challenges was to examine and create the jitter effect that is apparent when the series of frames are drawn manually. Constraints were identified while developing the jitter effect. We will also look at various techniques such as Catmull-Rom spline and data structure used in implementing the framework and reasons why they are adopted for use. The implementation details for the framework were also provided in this report. A usability test was also conducted to find errors and improvements for the 2D jitter framework. The result shows that the participants are pleasant with the overall experience of Jitter Application and was able to assist them in understanding how 2D animation work. Recommendations for future works were also taken into consideration such as include more user tool functions that can assist them in their drawing.Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science

Empirical study of the determinants of small and medium electronics and electrical components manufacturers export decisions and their export performance

In recent years, considerable interest has developed in the study of the export behaviour of firms because international trade theories have not been very helpful in explaining such behaviour. This is because international trade theories are concerned mainly with parameters over which .the individual firm has .little control. At best, they delineate the boundaries within which firms operate. This study was motivated by the importance of export in this era of flourishing world trade at one hand and the pervasion of protectionism at the other. It was further motivated by the fact that export played. an even more important role in a small city state like Singapore. As Singapore began to develop .the . local companies, the importance of export was emphasized as the key to the industrial development of the local industries. Therefore, it was necessary to investigate the following: the impact of both the internal and external environment of the firm upon its export decision, the factors that influences a manager's perception of the impact of exporting on the firm's performance, the factors that best explains why firms are not currently exporting, the variables that will motivate non-exporting firm's to export in future and the variables that will affect the level of export intensity.BUSINES

Comparison of clinical performance of size 1.5 Supreme™ LMA and Proseal™ LMA among Asian children: a randomized controlled trial

To date, most of the studies on safety and efficacy of supraglottic airway devices were done in Caucasian patients, and the results may not be extrapolated to Asian patients due to the different airway anatomy. We conducted this study to compare Supreme™ LMA (SLMA) and Proseal™ LMA (PLMA) size 1.5 in anaesthetized children among an Asian population. This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital from September 2013 until May 2016. Sixty children, weighing 5–10 kg, who were scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia were recruited and completed the study. Patients were randomly assigned to have either SLMA or PLMA as the airway device for general anaesthesia, and standard anaesthesia protocol was followed. The primary outcome measured was the oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP). The rate of successful insertion, insertion time, fibreoptic view of larynx and airway complications for each device were also assessed. There were no statistically significant differences between SLMA and PLMA size 1.5 in oropharyngeal leak pressure [19.1 (± 5.5) cmH2O vs. 19.8 (± 4.5) cmH2O, p = 0.68]. Secondary outcomes including time to insertion [20.8 (± 8.3) vs. 22.1 (± 8.3) s, p = 0.57], first attempt success rate for device insertion, fibreoptic view of larynx, and airway complications were also comparable between the two devices. We found that all the patients who had a failed device insertion (either PLMA or SLMA) were of a smaller size (5–6.2 kg). The oropharyngeal leak pressure of the SLMA 1.5 was comparable with the PLMA 1.5, and both devices were able to maintain an airway effectively without significant clinical complications in anaesthetized children from an Asian population

Evaluation of a lytic bacteriophage for bio-control of Salmonella Typhimurium in different food matrices

In the present study, a Salmonella Typhimurium-specific bacteriophage designated as ST02, belonged to the Myoviridae family was isolated from retail meat samples. Host range determination showed that ST02 was capable of infecting other Salmonella strains with latent period of 15 min and burst size about 97 PFU/cell. ST02 was stable over a wide range of pH (4–11) and at the temperature ranging from 4 to 50 °C. A significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the bacterial counts (approximately 2 log cycles) was observed in different food matrices after storage at 4 °C for 72 h. Our findings demonstrated that bacteriophage ST02 can offer an environmentally-friendly antimicrobial intervention for reducing the risk of Salmonella contamination in retail food