Optimization of the overall success probability of the energy harvesting cognitive wireless sensor networks

Wireless energy harvesting can improve the performance of cognitive wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This paper considers radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting from transmissions in the primary spectrum for cognitive WSNs. The overall success probability of the energy harvesting cognitive WSN depends on the transmission success probability and energy success probability. Using the tools from stochastic geometry, we show that the overall success probability can be optimized with respect to: 1) transmit power of the sensors; 2) transmit power of the primary transmitters; and 3) spatial density of the primary transmitters. In this context, an optimization algorithm is proposed to maximize the overall success probability of the WSNs. Simulation results show that the overall success probability and the throughput of the WSN can be significantly improved by optimizing the aforementioned three parameters. As RF energy harvesting can also be performed indoors, hence, our solution can be directly applied to the cognitive WSNs that are installed in smart buildings

Novel Methods to Measure Surface Wave Velocity by Using Laser-generated Tone-burst Surface Wave

Ultrasonic wave velocity is a characteristic of material, which is considered as a significant factor of nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques. Generally, bulk wave velocity is measured by Time-of-Flight (TOF) of pulse echo from back wall reflection; however, pulse-echo method cannot be applied to surface acoustic wave in a case that an edge does not exist in a close range. Even when we use through-transmission method, it is quite cumbersome to measure the accurate distance between transmitter and receiver; this problem is more critical when using contact angle transducers. This study proposes two new signal processing methods to measure laser-generated surface wave velocity. The laser was irradiated on the line-arrayed slit to generate tone-burst surface wave, and the propagated surface wave was received by a contact transducer. The first signal processing method uses the auto-correlation to calculate the time Δt that the wave takes to pass through the interval of slit, and then velocity is calculated using the equation: C=Δ , where d is the interval of the slit. The second method uses FFT to find out the main frequency of the wave, and then the velocity is calculated from the equation: C=f∙λ where f is main frequency of surface wave, is the wavelength of surface wave, where is identical to the interval of slit d. Experimental results show that the two signal processing methods provide almost same performance and the velocity of the laser-generated surface wave can be measured in a precise manner by using the proposed signal processing methods

Energy harvesting non-orthogonal multiple access system with multi-antenna relay and base station

In this paper, we consider downlink non-orthogonal multiple access cooperative communication system. The base station (BS) serves two types of users, which are named relay user (RU) and far user (FU). The BS and RU are equipped with multiple transmit antennas. The RU harvests energy from the BS transmissions to perform the relaying operation for the FU. We have considered 1) amplify-forward; 2) decode-forward; and 3) quantize-map-forward relaying protocols at the RU. As the BS and RU have multiple antennas, therefore we consider 1) beamforming and 2) random antenna selection strategies at the BS and RU. Closed form expressions for the outage probability are provided for the aforementioned relay protocols and antenna strategies. Further, we show that for certain data rate range of the relay and FU the quantize-map-forward relaying protocol can perform better than the other two relaying protocols

Description of the Diadegma fenestrale (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) Attacking the Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Lep.: Gelechiidae) New to Korea

Diadegma fenestrale is known as a parasitoid of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella. The potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) is one of the most destructive pest of potatoes. Also, we found this species attacking the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Ratio of parasitism is 20-30% and cocoon of lepidopteran was parasitic ichneumonid species after 3 days. This species and the genus Diadegma are recorded for the first time from Korea. In this paper, description of the parasitoid and photographs of the diagnostic characteristics are provided

Multi-Color Luminescence Transition of Upconversion Nanocrystals via Crystal Phase Control with SiO2 for High Temperature Thermal Labels

Upconversion nanocrystals (UCNs)-embedded microarchitectures with luminescence color transition capability and enhanced luminescence intensity under extreme conditions are suitable for developing a robust labeling system in a high-temperature thermal industrial process. However, most UCNs based labeling systems are limited by the loss of luminescence owing to the destruction of the crystalline phase or by a predetermined luminescence color without color transition capability. Herein, an unusual crystal phase transition of UCNs to a hexagonal apatite phase in the presence of SiO2 nanoparticles is reported with the enhancements of 130-fold green luminescence and 52-fold luminance as compared to that of the SiO2-free counterpart. By rationally combining this strategy with an additive color mixing method using a mask-less flow lithography technique, single to multiple luminescence color transition, scalable labeling systems with hidden letters-, and multi-luminescence colored microparticles are demonstrated for a UCNs luminescence color change-based high temperature labeling system

Self-Sexualization in Relation to Sexual Harassment and Body Shame

While many researchers examined several harmful consequences of the imposed or forced sexualization of women, still little is known about voluntary self-sexualization and its potential effects on women who engage in the practice. Although the idea that self-sexualization is self-fulfilling remains contentious, women who self-sexualize are naturally expected to receive sexualized attention, including unwanted attention. This study starts with the question of whether self-sexualizing women, including those who use self-sexualization as a source of power, experience sexual objectification, measured by nonphysical sexual harassment, and its negative consequence, measured by body shame. Furthermore, we investigate how age moderates the relationship. An online questionnaire was created and a total of 308 women completed the questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the hypothesized causal relationships from self-sexualization (self-empowering sexualization and no-power-intent self-sexualization) to nonphysical sexual harassment, which can lead to body shame. The results showed that the effects of self-sexualization are dependent on the intent for self-sexualization as well as the self-sexualizer’s age. While self-sexualization without intent to gain power can lead to increased sexual harassment incidents and body shame, mature women’s self-sexualization as a source of power does not lead to increased sexual harassment experiences nor increased body shame. However, unlike the mature women’s self-empowering sexualization, the young women’s self-sexualization, with or without intent to gain power, can lead to more sexual harassment experiences. The findings of this study indicate the need to uncover the various intentions for self-sexualization as well as their different effects