\u27The Only Thing That Matters\u27: A Critique of the Editorial Practices in The Garden of Eden

This essay will conduct a comparative analysis of the editing practices of Tom Jenks during his work on Ernest Hemingway’s posthumously novel The Garden of Eden, and Hemingway and Maxwell Perkins editorial work on A Farwell to Arms. Considering the severity of Tom Jenks’ alterations to the novel and the seemingly intentional scarcity of information related to Jenks engagement with the text, a consideration for how Hemingway’s style of editing compares to Jenks’ is necessary in order to determine the accuracy of the published version of The Garden of Eden in relation to Hemingway’s larger body of work. In order to accomplish this, I will analyze the existing material available related to Hemingway’s editorial practices to evaluate the changes made by Jenks to The Garden of Eden manuscript. What this research shows is that while Hemingway performed revisions throughout the process of publication, most of his editorial work occurred during the initial writing stage. By evaluating Garden through a comparison in the editing process performed on both texts, it is clear that while Jenks attests to an adherence to what he describes as the “law of an ancient god,” his version of the text is ultimately insufficient in presenting The Garden of Eden as Hemingway intended. Following a number of other scholars opinions, such as John Leonard, K.J. Peters, and even Tom Jenks, I propose the text be restored to its manuscript form to provide readers with an authentic draft of the novel, expanding upon the new avenues The Garden of Eden provides for Hemingway scholarship

Doctor of Philosophy

dissertationPaleoecological reconstructions provide important information regarding climate affects on vegetation and forest disturbance return intervals. In recent decades, bark beetles (Dendroctonus spp.) have rapidly and profoundly altered subalpine forest ecosystems across interior forests in western North America. Disturbance records for bark beetle epidemics extending beyond the most recent few centuries are absent from the paleoecological literature. The research presented here examines sedimentary pollen records from subalpine lake basins to assess both historic and Holocene disturbance by spruce beetle (D. rufipennis) and wildfire. It is evident that limited vegetative change has occurred over the last 9,000 years and climate is driving fire disturbance regimes rather than forest composition. As insolation-driven seasonal climate extremes ameliorated from the early to the middle Holocene, annual precipitation regimes transitioned from rain- to snow-dominated with perennial lakes developing in south-central Utah. The early Holocene was characterized by high fire peak magnitude and fire frequency, forced by strong seasonal temperature and moisture contrasts. The middle Holocene was relatively warm, with dry winters and wet summers, facilitating frequent, low-magnitude fire episodes. The late Holocene was relatively cool and wet driven by decreasing summer insolation and increasing amplitude and frequency of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability. Landscape-scale stand-replacing fire disturbance becomes essentially absent over the last 3,000 years until the arrival of European settlers to the region. Pollen ratios from host and nonhost trees assessed during the historic period allow us to infer two high-severity spruce beetle epidemics during the Holocene at ca. 4,000 and 8,200 cal yrs BP

Relative and Absolute Quantitation of Metabolites and Lipids using LC/MS/MS on the TSQ Quantum Discovery MAX

Two biological systems were studied using LC/ESI/MS/MS on a triple quadrupole operated in SRM (selected reaction monitoring) scan mode. The first bacterium system is aquatic and microscopic in size known as Roseobacter. The second mammalian system is terrestrial and large in size relative to humans known as Holstein cows. Roseobacter is a clade of marine bacteria abundant in the ocean. Roseophages are viruses that infect Roseobacter and cause viral lysis. Sulfitobacter sp. 2047 was isolated and infected with Roseophages, and the fold change in the metabolic pool relative to a control was studied at discrete time points. The absolute concentration of glutamate and glutamine in the infected and control was determined at each time point using an external calibration curve. Flux analysis through the addition of 13C-acetate at early and late post infection was compared to the control. Holstein cows are a breed of cattle known to be the world’s highest producers of milk. Twelve Holstein dairy cows were selected, and samples of blood and milk were taken at different weeks of lactation. The fold change in the phospholipid pool relative to the first week of lactation was studied from early, mid, and late lactation. The absolute concentration of lipids at each week of lactation was determined using isotope dilution mass spectrometry with the exception of GPC (glycerophosphocholine) where an external calibration curve was used due commercial unavailability of an isotope-labeled standard

Transforming moss P. patens with lignin peroxidase through heterologous protein expression.

Lignin peroxidase is an enzyme secreted by white-rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Our laboratory is attempting to produce several lignin degrading enzymes in our protein expression system that utilizes the moss, Physcomitrella patens. During our experiments we discovered that this particular species of fungus produces altered splicing variants that are not represented in the previously reported reference sequence. Despite several attempts to produce a positive transformant containing a desired transgene encoding; lignin peroxidase, production of the proper construct eluded our efforts, possibly due to toxic effects associated with lignin peroxidase expression. Our laboratory has created a stepping stone for other laboratories to integrate into future research relating to the expression of fungal proteins in a moss heterologous protein expression system

It\u27s Not Me It\u27s You: Examining the Link Between Partner-Schema Organization, Relationship Functioning, and Depressive Symptoms

Depression is associated with a host of interpersonal difficulties, particularly within intimate relationships. While a significant body of literature has supported the presence of a highly consolidated negative self representation or “self-schema”, no studies have examined whether depression is also associated with a highly organized negative “partner-schema”, and whether this represents a risk factor for relationship distress. Given the high degree of similarity between cognitive representations of self and close others, it was predicted that depression would be associated with a partner-schema structure mirroring that of the self-schema: an organized cognitive structure characterized by tightly interconnected negative information, and loosely dispersed positive information. In a sample of 291 undergraduate students, results supported this hypothesis, and revealed that partner-schema structure was associated with relationship quality and attributions about a partner’s behaviours. These findings have important implications for understanding the link between cognitive risk factors, relational dysfunction, and depressive symptoms

Evaluation of Human and Ecological Water Management Tradeoffs in a Seasonal Watershed with Spatially-Distributed Demands

River managers must balance the needs of the ecosystems that rely on the river by leaving water instream, often while also considering human demands. It is especially difficult to balance these water needs in systems that are highly seasonal and have no instream storage (e.g., reservoirs) since water cannot be stored for use throughout the year. An example of a watershed that has both of these characteristics is the South Fork Eel River in coastal northern California. In order to evaluate tradeoffs between human and ecological demands in this system, a water allocation model with water management scenarios and environmental flow requirement scenarios was developed in collaboration with stakeholders and decision-makers to balance the needs of the ecosystem and humans. The water allocation model is capable of considering permitted water diversions, as well as unpermitted diversions, particularly pertaining to cannabis cultivation, which contribute to a significant proportion of water used in forested California watersheds. In total, 11 different human water demand scenarios and 14 different environmental flow requirement ecological demand scenarios were evaluated to identify sensitivity of different parameters and facilitate management efforts. To aid in decision making processes, an interactive GUI is also being collaboratively developed to provide visualizations and performance metrics of model results. Then, the results of the water allocation model were assessed compared to different location-specific characteristics