6,715 research outputs found
Study of Strangeness Condensation by Expanding About the Fixed Point of the Harada-Yamawaki Vector Manifestation
Building on, and extending, the result of a higher-order in-medium chiral
perturbation theory combined with renormalization group arguments and a variety
of observations of the vector manifestation of Harada-Yamawaki hidden local
symmetry theory, we obtain a surprisingly simple description of kaon
condensation by fluctuating around the "vector manifestation (VM)" fixed point
identified to be the chiral restoration point. Our development establishes that
strangeness condensation takes place at about 3 n_0 where n_0 is nuclear matter
density. This result depends only on the renoramlization-group (RG) behavior of
the vector interactions, other effects involved in fluctuating about the bare
vacuum in so many previous calculations being "irrelevant" in the RG about the
fixed point. Our results have major effects on the collapse of neutron stars
into black holes.Comment: 4 page
CSGM Designer: a platform for designing cross-species intron-spanning genic markers linked with genome information of legumes.
BackgroundGenetic markers are tools that can facilitate molecular breeding, even in species lacking genomic resources. An important class of genetic markers is those based on orthologous genes, because they can guide hypotheses about conserved gene function, a situation that is well documented for a number of agronomic traits. For under-studied species a key bottleneck in gene-based marker development is the need to develop molecular tools (e.g., oligonucleotide primers) that reliably access genes with orthology to the genomes of well-characterized reference species.ResultsHere we report an efficient platform for the design of cross-species gene-derived markers in legumes. The automated platform, named CSGM Designer (URL: http://tgil.donga.ac.kr/CSGMdesigner), facilitates rapid and systematic design of cross-species genic markers. The underlying database is composed of genome data from five legume species whose genomes are substantially characterized. Use of CSGM is enhanced by graphical displays of query results, which we describe as "circular viewer" and "search-within-results" functions. CSGM provides a virtual PCR representation (eHT-PCR) that predicts the specificity of each primer pair simultaneously in multiple genomes. CSGM Designer output was experimentally validated for the amplification of orthologous genes using 16 genotypes representing 12 crop and model legume species, distributed among the galegoid and phaseoloid clades. Successful cross-species amplification was obtained for 85.3% of PCR primer combinations.ConclusionCSGM Designer spans the divide between well-characterized crop and model legume species and their less well-characterized relatives. The outcome is PCR primers that target highly conserved genes for polymorphism discovery, enabling functional inferences and ultimately facilitating trait-associated molecular breeding
Tailoring Low-field Strain Properties of [0.97Bi1/2(Na0.78K0.22)1/2TiO3-0.03LaFeO3]-Bi1/2(Na0.82K0.18)1/2TiO3 Lead-Free Relaxor/Ferroelectric Composites
We investigated the effect of Bi1/2(Na0.82K0.18)1/2TiO3 (BNKT) modification on the ferroelectric and electric-field-induced strain (EFIS) properties of lead-free 0.97Bi1/2(Na0.82K0.18)1/2TiO3-0.03LaFeO3 (BNKTLF) ceramics as a function of BNKT content (x= 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, and 1). BNKT-modified BNKTLF powders were synthesized using a conventional solid-state reaction method. As the BNKT content x increased from 0 to 1 the normalized electric-field-induced strain (Smax/Emax) was observed to increase at relatively low fields, i.e., below the poling field. Moreover, BNKTLF-30BNKT showed about 460 pm/V as low as at 3 kV/mm, which is a considerably high value among the lead-free systems reported so far. Consequently, it was confirmed that ceramic-ceramic composite, a mixture of an ergodic relaxor matrix and embedded ferroelectric seeds, is a salient way to make lead-free piezoelectrics practical with enhanced EFIS at low field as well as less hysterical.ope
Germline modification and engineering in avian species
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To
view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/.Production of genome-edited animals using germline-competent cells and genetic modification tools has provided opportunities for investigation of biological mechanisms in various organisms. The recently reported programmed genome editing technology that can induce gene modification at a target locus in an efficient and precise manner facilitates establishment of animal models. In this regard, the demand for genome-edited avian species, which are some of the most suitable model animals due to their unique embryonic development, has also increased. Furthermore, germline chimera production through long-term culture of chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) has facilitated research on production of genome-edited chickens. Thus, use of avian germline modification is promising for development of novel avian models for research of disease control and various biological mechanisms. Here, we discuss recent progress in genome modification technology in avian species and its applications and future strategies
The dynamic development of germ cells during chicken embryogenesis
ArticlePoultry Science. 97(2): 650-657. (2018)journal articl
When should reverse total shoulder arthroplasty be considered in glenohumeral joint arthritis?
Anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) has been used widely in treatment of glenohumeral osteoarthritis and provides excellent pain relief and functional results. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) was created to treat the complex problem of rotator cuff tear arthropathy. RSA also has been performed for glenohumeral osteoarthritis even in cases where the rotator cuff is preserved and has shown good results comparable with TSA. The indications for RSA are expanding to include tumors of the proximal humerus, revision of hemiarthroplasty to RSA, and revision of failed TSA to RSA. The purposes of this article were to describe comprehensively the conditions under which RSA should be considered in glenohumeral osteoarthritis, to explain its theoretical background, and to review the literature
Thermoelectric materials by using two-dimensional materials with negative correlation between electrical and thermal conductivity
In general, in thermoelectric materials the electrical conductivity sigma and thermal conductivity kappa are related and thus cannot be controlled independently. Previously, to maximize the thermoelectric figure of merit in state-of-the-art materials, differences in relative scaling between sigma and kappa as dimensions are reduced to approach the nanoscale were utilized. Here we present an approach to thermoelectric materials using tin disulfide, SnS2, nanosheets that demonstrated a negative correlation between sigma and kappa. In other words, as the thickness of SnS2 decreased, sigma increased whereas kappa decreased. This approach leads to a thermoelectric figure of merit increase to 0.13 at 300 K, a factor similar to 1,000 times greater than previously reported bulk single-crystal SnS2. The Seebeck coefficient obtained for our two-dimensional SnS2 nanosheets was 34.7mVK(-1) for 16-nm-thick samples at 300 K.114330Ysciescopu
The Problem of Mass: Mesonic Bound States Above T_c
We discuss the problem of mass, noting that meson masses decrease with
increasing scale as the dynamically generated condensate of "soft glue" is
melted (Brown/Rho scaling). We then extend the Bielefeld LGS color singlet
interaction computed for heavy quarks in a model-dependent way by including the
Ampere law velocity-velocity interaction. Parameterizing the resulting
interaction in terms of effective strength of the potential and including
screening, we find that the masses of pi, sigma, rho and A1 excitations, 32
degrees of freedom in all, go to zero (in the chiral limit) as T goes to Tc
essentially independently of the input quark (thermal) masses in the range of
1-2 GeV, calculated also in Bielefeld. We discuss other LGS which show q-bar q
bound states, which we interpret as our chirally restored mesons, for T > Tc.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures (Table 2 is added
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