STAT4: An Initiator of Meta-Inflammation in Adipose Tissue?

Metabolic regulation and immune signaling areclosely linked, as evidenced by both thephysical proximity between metabolic cells(e.g., adipocytes and hepatocytes) and resident macrophages as well as the progression of inflammation in metabolic syndrome. Contrasting the reactions to pathogen infections, meta-inflammation describes a novel type of low-grade, unresolvable immune response that is in the causal pathway to metabolic dysregulation (1). Although howmeta-inflammation is initiated remains unclear, the T-helper cell type 1 (Th1)/Th2 (or M1/M2) paradigm provides a simplified view of how immune cells are involved in readjusting metabolic set points in response to nutrient intake (2). It appears that Th1 cytokines (e.g., interleukin [IL]-12 and interferon-g [IFNg]) or Th1 polarized immune cells pro-mote insulin resistance, whereas Th2 signaling (e.g., IL-4 and IL-13) sustains metabolic homeostasis (3). In mouse genetic models, for example, tipping the Th1/Th2 balanc

THERMAL ANALYSIS OF DRY STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION CASKS CASTOR USING COBRA-SFS

State Office for Nuclear Safety is a regulator body in the Czech Republic handling also licensing of storage and transportation casks (SCs) of the spent nuclear fuel (SNF). One of the main concerns for the dry storage of SNF is the safe removal of the residual heat resulting from the decay of fission products, actinides, and activated construction materials. There are many storage systems in use around the world with different storage configuration, fuel designs and boundary conditions that need to be evaluated. Two thermal models of SNF storage casks CASTOR 440/84 and CASTOR 440/84M were developed using the COBRA-SFS code, which is an internationally accepted and validated code used for licensing of dry storage casks and safety evaluation. The casks are in operation at the Nuclear Power Plant Dukovany for dry storage of the WWER-440 SNF. Both models were validated and used for evaluation of several problems in different configuration and particularly for licensing purposes at the SUJB

The Impact of Peak Hydrogeneration for Reserving Environmental Flow in Dachia River, Taiwan

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Tailoring excitonic states of van der Waals bilayers through stacking configuration, band alignment and valley-spin

Excitons in monolayer semiconductors have large optical transition dipole for strong coupling with light field. Interlayer excitons in heterobilayers, with layer separation of electron and hole components, feature large electric dipole that enables strong coupling with electric field and exciton-exciton interaction, at the cost that the optical dipole is substantially quenched (by several orders of magnitude). In this letter, we demonstrate the ability to create a new class of excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) hetero- and homo-bilayers that combines the advantages of monolayer- and interlayer-excitons, i.e. featuring both large optical dipole and large electric dipole. These excitons consist of an electron that is well confined in an individual layer, and a hole that is well extended in both layers, realized here through the carrier-species specific layer-hybridization controlled through the interplay of rotational, translational, band offset, and valley-spin degrees of freedom. We observe different species of such layer-hybridized valley excitons in different heterobilayer and homobilayer systems, which can be utilized for realizing strongly interacting excitonic/polaritonic gases, as well as optical quantum coherent controls of bidirectional interlayer carrier transfer either with upper conversion or down conversion in energy

A General Procedure for the Regioselective Synthesis of Aryl Thioethers and Aryl Selenides Through C–H Activation of Arenes

A general procedure for the synthesis of aryl thioethers and aryl selenides in one-pot through sequential iridium-catalyzed C–H borylation and copper-promoted C–S and C–Se bond formation is described. Functional groups including chloro, nitro, fluoro, trifluoromethyl, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles were all tolerated under the reaction conditions. Importantly, not only aryl thiols and selenides but also their alkyl analogs were suitable coupling partners, and the products were obtained in good yields with high meta regioselectivity