Why should we switch chest compression providers every 2 minutes during cardiopulmonary resuscitation?

Objective. Tis study was conducted to determine whether trained male rescuers could maintain adequate chest compression depth (CCD) for longer than the current recommended guidelines of 2 minutes. Methods. Forty male medical doctors administered a 5-minute single rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to a manikin on the foor with conventional CPR or randomly administered continuous chest compressions (CCC). Te ratio of compression to ventilation was set to 30:2 with mouth-to-mouth technique during conventional CPR. Chest compression data were recorded with an accelerometer device and divided into 1-minute segments for analysis. Results. Although average CCD maintained the recommended depths throughout 5 minutes in conventional CPR, it decreased signifcantly with CCC (1 minute: 55.4 ± 4.5 mm; 2 minutes: 54.2 ± 5.4 mm; 3 minutes: 52.6 ± 5.6 mm; 4 minutes: 51.6 ± 5.5 mm; 5 minutes: 49.9 ± 5.8 mm, p < 0.001). Te average chest compression numbers (ACCN) per minute were maintained over 80/min and have not been changed signifcantly within 5 minutes in the CCC. However, it didn’t reach to the 80/min and decreased signifcantly afer 3minutes compared to the baseline ACCN during frst 1-minute segment in the conventional CPR. Conclusions. Despite the chest compression providers being limited to trained male medical doctors, the average CCD decreased signifcantly within 5minutes with CCC. Although maintaining adequate CCD, ACCN in each minute decreased signifcantly afer 3minutes in the conventional CPR. Terefore, we should rotate chest compression providers every 2minutes regardless of the rescuer’s qualifcations and CPR methods

CropCat: Data Augmentation for Smoothing the Feature Distribution of EEG Signals

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a communication system between humans and computers reflecting human intention without using a physical control device. Since deep learning is robust in extracting features from data, research on decoding electroencephalograms by applying deep learning has progressed in the BCI domain. However, the application of deep learning in the BCI domain has issues with a lack of data and overconfidence. To solve these issues, we proposed a novel data augmentation method, CropCat. CropCat consists of two versions, CropCat-spatial and CropCat-temporal. We designed our method by concatenating the cropped data after cropping the data, which have different labels in spatial and temporal axes. In addition, we adjusted the label based on the ratio of cropped length. As a result, the generated data from our proposed method assisted in revising the ambiguous decision boundary into apparent caused by a lack of data. Due to the effectiveness of the proposed method, the performance of the four EEG signal decoding models is improved in two motor imagery public datasets compared to when the proposed method is not applied. Hence, we demonstrate that generated data by CropCat smooths the feature distribution of EEG signals when training the model.Comment: 4 pages, 1 tabl

In Vitro Chemosensitivity Using the Histoculture Drug Response Assay in Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

The choice of chemotherapeutic drugs to treat patients with epithelial ovarian cancer has not depended on individual patient characteristics. We have investigated the correlation between in vitro chemosensitivity, as determined by the histoculture drug response assay (HDRA), and clinical responses in epithelial ovarian cancer. Fresh tissue samples were obtained from 79 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. The sensitivity of these samples to 11 chemotherapeutic agents was tested using the HDRA method according to established methods, and we analyzed the results retrospectively. HDRA showed that they were more chemosensitive to carboplatin, topotecan and belotecan, with inhibition rates of 49.2%, 44.7%, and 39.7%, respectively, than to cisplatin, the traditional drug of choice in epithelial ovarian cancer. Among the 37 patients with FIGO stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ serous adenocarcinoma who were receiving carboplatin combined with paclitaxel, those with carboplatin-sensitive samples on HDRA had a significantly longer median disease-free interval than patients with carboplatin- resistant samples (23.2 vs. 13.8 months, p＜0.05), but median overall survival did not differ significantly (60.4 vs. 37.3 months, p＝0.621). In conclusion, this study indicates that HDRA could provide useful information for designing individual treatment strategies in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer

MRI Findings of Pericardial Fat Necrosis: Case Report

Pericardial fat necrosis is an infrequent cause of acute chest pain and this can mimic acute myocardial infarction and acute pericarditis. We describe here a patient with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of pericardial fat necrosis and this was correlated with the computed tomography (CT) findings. The MRI findings may be helpful for distinguishing pericardial fat necrosis from other causes of acute chest pain and from the fat-containing tumors in the cardiophrenic space of the anterior mediastinum