Current reversal with type-I intermittency in deterministic inertia ratchets

The intermittency is investigated when the current reversal occurs in a deterministic inertia ratchet system. To determine which type the intermittency belongs to, we obtain the return map of velocities of particle using stroboscopic recording, and numerically calculate the distribution of average laminar length ${}$. The distribution follows the scaling law of ${} \propto {\epsilon}^{-1/2}$, the characteristic relation of type-I intermittency.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figure

Object detection and tracking in night time video surveillance

Object tracking is always a challenging research to the computer vision community. It becomes more difficult at night video systems due to low contrast against the background. This paper is proposing a framework that detects object and tracks it at low contrast night surveillance video. A robust intensity statistics based detection method has been designed for processing low contrast frame and detect object structure from it. Based on successful detection, it tracks the object using Kalman filter algorithm.</p

Object tracking by supported particles

Object tracking is still remains as a challenge to the computer vision community. Several methods have been proposed until now to track. One renowned method to track is particle filter, a probabilistic model that predicts object position based on recursive Bays formula. In this paper, we present a particle filter based object tracking method, where a set of contextual points is used to support particle filter. The primary contribution of this proposed idea is to the use of context information as the support for particles and also to use those context points as observer to observe angular velocity of the tracked object with respect to each context points. In this paper we call those points as supporter. The angular velocity with respect to support points are then used to handle occlusion.</p

Regulation of Oncogene Expression in T-DNA-Transformed Host Plant Cells

Virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains integrate their T-DNA into the plant genome where the encoded agrobacterial oncogenes are expressed and cause crown gall disease. Essential for crown gall development are IaaH (indole-3-acetamide hydrolase), IaaM (tryptophan monooxygenase) and Ipt (isopentenyl transferase), which encode enzymes for the biosynthesis of auxin (IaaH, IaaM) and cytokinin (Ipt). Although these oncogenes are well studied as the tumor-inducing principle, nothing is known about the regulation of oncogene expression in plant cells. Our studies show that the intergenic regions (IGRs) between the coding sequences (CDS) of the three oncogenes function as promoters in plant cells. These promoters possess a eukaryotic sequence organization and cis-regulatory elements for the binding of plant transcription factors. WRKY18, WRKY40, WRKY60 and ARF5 were identified as activators of the Ipt promoter whereas IaaH and IaaM is constitutively expressed and no transcription factor further activates their promoters. Consistent with these results, the wrky triple mutant plants in particular, develops smaller crown galls than wild-type and exhibits a reduced Ipt transcription, despite the presence of an intact ARF5 gene. WRKY40 and WRKY60 gene expression is induced by A. tumefaciens within a few hours whereas the ARF5 gene is transcribed later during crown gall development. The WRKY proteins interact with ARF5 in the plant nucleus, but only WRKY40 together with ARF5 synergistically boosts the activation of the Ipt promoter in an auxin-dependent manner. From our data, we propose that A. tumefaciens initially induces WRKY40 gene expression as a pathogen defense response of the host cell. The WRKY protein is recruited to induce Ipt expression, which initiates cytokinin-dependent host cell division. With increasing auxin levels triggered by ubiquitous expression of IaaH and IaaM, ARF5 is activated and interacts with WRKY40 to potentiate Ipt expression and balance cytokinin and auxin levels for further cell proliferation