2,860 research outputs found
Scalar Non-Luminous Matter in Galaxies
As a candidate for dark matter in galaxies, we study an SU(3) triplet of
complex scalar fields which are non-minimally coupled to gravity. In the
spherically symmetric static spacetime where the flat rotational velocity
curves of stars in galaxies can be explained, we find simple solutions of
scalar fields with SU(3) global symmetry broken to U(1) X U(1), in an
exponential scalar potential, which will be useful in a quintessence model of
the late-time acceleration of the Universe.Comment: 6 pages, no figure, LaTex. Submitted to IJMP
Hidden Local Symmetry and Infinite Tower of Vector Mesons for Baryons
In an effort to access dense baryonic matter relevant for compact stars in a
unified framework that handles both single baryon and multibaryon systems on
the same footing, we first address a holographic dual action for a single
baryon focusing on the role of the infinite tower of vector mesons
deconstructed from five dimensions. To leading order in 't Hooft coupling
, one has the Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS)
Skyrmion that results when the warping of the bulk background and the
Chern-Simons term in the Sakai-Sugimoto D4/D8- model are
ignored. The infinite tower was found by Sutcliffe to induce flow to a
conformal theory, i.e., the BPS. We compare this structure to that of the SS
model consisting of a 5D Yang-Mills action in warped space and the Chern-Simons
term in which higher vector mesons are integrated out while preserving hidden
local symmetry and valid to and in the chiral counting.
We point out the surprisingly important role of the meson that figures
in the Chern-Simons term that encodes chiral anomaly in the baryon structure
and that may be closely tied to short-range repulsion in nuclear interactions.Comment: 9 pages, REVTeX, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Observation of First-Order Metal-Insulator Transition without Structural Phase Transition in VO_2
An abrupt first-order metal-insulator transition (MIT) without structural
phase transition is first observed by current-voltage measurements and
micro-Raman scattering experiments, when a DC electric field is applied to a
Mott insulator VO_2 based two-terminal device. An abrupt current jump is
measured at a critical electric field. The Raman-shift frequency and the
bandwidth of the most predominant Raman-active A_g mode, excited by the
electric field, do not change through the abrupt MIT, while, they, excited by
temperature, pronouncedly soften and damp (structural MIT), respectively. This
structural MIT is found to occur secondarily.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Pathogenic effect of interleukin-17A in induction of Sjogren's syndrome-like disease using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer
Introduction
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) involves a chronic, progressive inflammation primarily of the salivary and lacrimal glands leading to decreased levels of saliva and tears resulting in dry mouth and dry eye diseases. Seminal findings regarding TH17 cell populations that secrete predominantly interleukin (IL)-17A have been shown to play an important role in an increasing number of autoimmune diseases, including SS. In the present study, we investigated the function of IL-17A on the development and onset of SS.
Methods
Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vectors expressing either IL-17A or LacZ were infused via retrograde cannulation into the salivary glands of C57BL/6J mice between 6 and 8 weeks of age or between 15 and 17 weeks of age. The mice were characterized for SS phenotypes.
Results
Disease profiling indicated that SS-non-susceptible C57BL/6J mice whose salivary glands received the Ad5-IL17A vector developed a SS-like disease profile, including the appearance of lymphocytic foci, increased cytokine levels, changes in antinuclear antibody profiles, and temporal loss of saliva flow.
Conclusions
Induction of SS pathology by IL-17A in SS-non-susceptible mice strongly suggests that IL-17A is an important inflammatory cytokine in salivary gland dysfunction. Thus, localized anti-IL17 therapy may be effective in preventing glandular dysfunction.National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (U.S.) (PHS Grants K99DE018958)National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.) (R21AI081952)Sjogren's Syndrome FoundationUniversity of Florida. Center for Orphaned Autoimmune DisordersNational Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (U.S.) (Intramural research grant)National Institutes of Health (U.S.
Large Linear Magnetoresistance in Heavily-Doped Nb:SrTiO\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e Epitaxial Thin Films
Interaction between electrons has long been a focused topic in condensed-matter physics since it has led to the discoveries of astonishing phenomena, for example, high-Tc superconductivity and colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) in strongly-correlated materials. In the study of strongly-correlated perovskite oxides, Nb-doped SrTiO3 (Nb:SrTiO3) has been a workhorse not only as a conducting substrate, but also as a host possessing high carrier mobility. In this work, we report the observations of large linear magnetoresistance (LMR) and the metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) induced by magnetic field in heavily-doped Nb:STO (SrNb0.2Ti0.8O3) epitaxial thin films. These phenomena are associated with the interplay between the large classical MR due to high carrier mobility and the electronic localization effect due to strong spin-orbit coupling, implying that heavily Nb-doped Sr(Nb0.2Ti0.8)O3 is promising for the application in spintronic devices
Energy levels of the soliton--heavy-meson bound states
We investigate the bound states of heavy mesons with finite masses to a
classical soliton solution in the Skyrme model. For a given model Lagrangian we
solve the equations of motion exactly so that the heavy vector mesons are
treated on the same footing as the heavy pseudoscalar mesons. All the energy
levels of higher grand spin states as well as the ground state are given over a
wide range of the heavy meson masses. We also examine the validity of the
approximations used in the literatures. The recoil effect of finite mass
soliton is naively estimated.Comment: 24 pages, REVTeX v3.0, 6 figures are available upon request
Ab initio study of step formation and self-diffusion on Ag(100)
Using the plane wave pseudopotential method we performed density functional
theory calculations on the stability of steps and self-diffusion processes on
Ag(100). Our calculated step formation energies show that the {111}-faceted
step is more stable than the {110}-faceted step. In accordance with
experimental observations we find that the equilibrium island shape should be
octagonal very close to a square with predominately {111}-faceted steps. For
the (100) surface of fcc metals atomic migration proceeds by a hopping or an
exchange process. For Ag(100) we find that adatoms diffuse across flat surfaces
preferentially by hopping. Adatoms approaching the close-packed {111}-faceted
step edges descend from the upper terrace to the lower level by an atomic
exchange with an energy barrier almost identical to the diffusion barrier on
flat surface regions. Thus, within our numerical accuracy (approx +- 0.05 eV)
there is no additional step-edge barrier to descent. This provides a natural
explanation for the experimental observations of the smooth two-dimensional
growth in homoepitaxy of Ag(100). Inspection of experimental results of other
fcc crystal surfaces indicates that our result holds quite generally.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev B (October 31, 1996
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