On two-coloring bipartite uniform hypergraphs

Of a given bipartite graph $G = (V, E)$, it is elementary to construct a bipartition in time $O(|E|)$. For a given $k$-graph $H = H^{(k)}$ with $k \geq 3$ fixed, Lov\'asz proved that deciding whether $H$ is bipartite is NP-complete. Let $\mathcal{B}_n$ denote the collection of all $[n]$-vertex bipartite $k$-graphs. We construct, of a given $H \in \mathcal{B}_n$, a bipartition in time averaging $O(n^k)$ over the class $\mathcal{B}_n$. (When $k=3$, our result expedites one of Person and Schacht.) We also consider an application to the class of all $[n]$-vertex 3-graphs $H$ forbidding the Fano plane as a subhypergraph.Comment: 11 page

Income-based inequality in post-disaster migration is lower in high resilience areas : evidence from US internal migration

Residential relocation following environmental disasters is an increasingly necessary climate change adaptation measure. However, relocation is among the costliest individual-level adaptation measures, meaning that it may be cost prohibitive for disadvantaged groups. As climate change continues to worsen, it is important to better understand how existing socioeconomic inequalities affect climate migration and how they may be offset. In this study we use network regression models to look at how internal migration patterns in the United States vary by disaster-related property damage, household income, and local-level disaster resilience. Our results show that post-disaster migration patterns vary considerably by the income level of sending and receiving counties, which suggests that income-based inequality impacts both individuals' access to relocation and the ability of disaster-afflicted areas to rebuild. We further find evidence that income-based inequality in post-disaster outmigration is attenuated in areas with higher disaster resilience, not due to increased relocation out of poorer areas but instead because there is decreased relocation from richer ones. This finding suggests that, as climate adaptation measures, relocation and resilience-building are substitutes, with the implication that resilience incentivizes in situ adaptation, which can be a long term drain on individual wellbeing and climate adaptation resources.Peer reviewe

Income-based inequality in post-disaster migration is lower in high resilience areas : evidence from US internal migration

Residential relocation following environmental disasters is an increasingly necessary climate change adaptation measure. However, relocation is among the costliest individual-level adaptation measures, meaning that it may be cost prohibitive for disadvantaged groups. As climate change continues to worsen, it is important to better understand how existing socioeconomic inequalities affect climate migration and how they may be offset. In this study we use network regression models to look at how internal migration patterns in the United States vary by disaster-related property damage, household income, and local-level disaster resilience. Our results show that post-disaster migration patterns vary considerably by the income level of sending and receiving counties, which suggests that income-based inequality impacts both individuals' access to relocation and the ability of disaster-afflicted areas to rebuild. We further find evidence that income-based inequality in post-disaster outmigration is attenuated in areas with higher disaster resilience, not due to increased relocation out of poorer areas but instead because there is decreased relocation from richer ones. This finding suggests that, as climate adaptation measures, relocation and resilience-building are substitutes, with the implication that resilience incentivizes in situ adaptation, which can be a long term drain on individual wellbeing and climate adaptation resources.Peer reviewe

Activation of macrophage mediated host defense against Salmonella typhimurium by Morus alba L.

Background: The innate immune system plays a crucial role in the initiation and subsequent direction of adaptive immune responses, as well as in the removal of pathogens that have been targeted by an adaptive immune response. Objective: Morus alba L. was reported to have immunostimulatory properties that might protect against infectious diseases. However, this possibility has not yet been explored. The present study investigated the protective and immune-enhancing ability of M. alba L. against infectious disease and the mechanisms involved. Design: To investigate the immune-enhancing effects of M. alba L., we used a bacterial infection model. Results and discussions: The lifespan of mice infected with a lethal dose of Salmonella typhimurium (1 × 107 colony forming units – CFU) was significantly extended when they were administered M. alba L. Furthermore, M. alba L. activated macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils and induced Th1 cytokines (IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α) in mice infected with a sublethal dose (1 × 105 CFU) of S. typhimurium. M. alba L. significantly stimulated the uptake of bacteria into peritoneal macrophages as indicated by increased phagocytosis. Peritoneal macrophages derived from C3H/HeJ mice significantly inhibited M. alba L. induced NO production and TNF-α secretion compared with peritoneal macrophages derived from C3H/HeN mice. Conclusions: These results suggest that the innate immune activity of M. alba L. against bacterial infection in mice occurs through activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway

Nystagmus in adult patients with acute otitis media or otitis media with effusion without dizziness.

The present study aimed to investigate the incidence and patterns of nystagmus in adult patients with acute otitis media (AOM) or otitis media with effusion (OME) without dizziness or vertigo, and discuss possible mechanisms. From February 2018 to November 2018, 34 consecutive patients with AOM or OME without dizziness were included. Nystagmus was examined with video Frenzel glasses. Of 34 adult AOM or OME patients without dizziness, nystagmus was observed in 28 patients (82%). In unilateral AOM or OME (n = 30), the most commonly observed nystagmus pattern was irritative-type direction-fixed nystagmus (n = 13), followed by paretic-type direction-fixed nystagmus (n = 8), and direction-changing positional nystagmus (n = 4). In bilateral AOM or OME (n = 4), direction-fixed nystagmus and direction-changing positional nystagmus were observed in two and one patients, respectively. Nystagmus was observed in as many as 82% of adult AOM or OME patients even though they did not complain of dizziness, and the pattern of nystagmus was either direction-fixed or direction-changing. Direct effect of inflammatory mediators penetrated from the middle ear and biochemical alteration in the inner ear fluids due to blood-perilymph barrier dysfunction may result in the presence of nystagmus in AOM or OME patients without dizziness

Vision-Threatening Ocular Adverse Events after Vaccination against Coronavirus Disease 2019

A single-center retrospective observational case series was conducted. This case series enrolled patients who showed ophthalmic manifestations within one week after COVID-19 vaccination at Korea University Guro Hospital in Seoul, Korea, from May 2021 to January 2022. The medical records of patients who complained of ocular symptoms and showed ophthalmic adverse events within one week after COVID-19 vaccination were reviewed. Seventeen eyes from 16 patients with a mean age of 63.8 (range 33–83) years were included in the case series, and all symptoms developed within 1–7 days following inoculation. Retinal vein occlusion in nine eyes (52.9%), retinal artery occlusion in one eye (5.9%), newly developed anterior uveitis in one eye (5.9%), exacerbation of previously diagnosed panuveitis in two eyes (11.8%), and angle-closure attack with high intraocular pressure in four eyes (23.5%) were included. Twelve patients (75%) had been vaccinated with the AstraZeneca (AZD1222) and four (25%) with the Pfizer (BNT162b2) vaccines. Of these, 10 patients (62.5%) experienced ocular disease exacerbation after the first dose, 4 (25%) after the second dose, and 2 (12.5%) after the third dose (booster shot). Eleven patients (64.7%) underwent tests for hematological abnormalities, and three of them tested positive for anti-PF4 antibodies, but no abnormal findings were noted. A causal relationship between vaccination and the ocular manifestations could not be determined, which is a limitation of this study. However, clinicians should consider the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on ophthalmic disease. Further studies are required to elucidate the possible effects of COVID-19 vaccination on the eye

Current globalization of drug interventional clinical trials: characteristics and associated factors, 2011–2013

Abstracts Background Clinical trial globalization is a major trend for industry-sponsored clinical trials. There has been a shift in clinical trial sites towards emerging regions of Eastern Europe, Latin America, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Our study objectives were to evaluate the current characteristics of clinical trials and to find out the associated multiple factors which could explain clinical trial globalization and its implications for clinical trial globalization in 2011–2013. Methods The data elements of “phase,” “recruitment status,” “type of sponsor,” “age groups,” and “design of trial” from 30 countries were extracted from the ClinicalTrials.gov website. Ten continental representative countries including the USA were selected and the design elements were compared to those of the USA. Factors associated with trial site distribution were chosen for a multilinear regression analysis. Results The USA, Germany, France, Canada, and United Kingdom were the “top five” countries which frequently held clinical trials. The design elements from nine continental representative countries were quite different from those of the USA; phase 1 trials were more prevalent in India (OR 1.517, p < 0.001) while phase 3 trials were much more prevalent in all nine representative countries than in the USA. A larger number of “child” age group trials was performed in Poland (OR 1.852, p < 0.001), Israel (OR 1.546, p = 0.005), and South Africa (OR 1.963, p < 0.001) than in the USA. Multivariate analysis showed that health care expenditure per capita, Economic Freedom Index, Human Capital Index, and Intellectual Property Rights Index could explain the variance of regional distribution of clinical trials by 63.6%. Conclusions The globalization of clinical trials in the emerging regions of Asia, South Africa, and Eastern Europe developed in parallel with the factors of economic drive, population for recruitment, and regulatory constraints

Additional file 3: of Current globalization of drug interventional clinical trials: characteristics and associated factors, 2011–2013

Number values of associated factors (explanatory variables) considered in regression analysis on clinical trial site distribution. (DOCX 16 kb