Raised beach deposits and the distribution of structural lineaments on Macquarie Island

The distribution of previously-unmapped raised beaches on Macquarie Island makes it difficult to accept earlier interpretations of landform evolution. These raised beaches occur up to 270 m ASL, and in places previously thought to have been glaciated. The elevation of the beaches and the distribution and shape of many of the island's plateau lakes and structural lineaments would appear to be consistent with a history in which rapid uplift associated with. block-faulting and other tectonic factors played a much more important role in landform evolution than has been recognised in the past

The avifauna of Bishop and Clerk islets and its relationship to nearby Macquarie Island

A first comprehensive survey of seabirds at Bishop and Clerk islets conducted on 23 December 1993 recorded a total of 12 species. During a three-hour-long visit by helicopter, nine species were found breeding, mostly in nests on the ground, but also in burrows dug in shallow soil. These included the largest known colony of Black-browed Albatross, Thalassarche melanophris, in Australia. Ten bird species are now known to breed at the islets. Specics accounts are given including data on morphometries, abundance, habitats, breeding, threats, interspecific competition for space and unpublished information

Bothered bloggings and troubled tweets: constructions of stress and concerns for early-career academics

While recent studies suggest that stress is becoming more prominent for academics, very little research has been conducted on understanding the realities of stress for early-career academics. Through the employment of social constructionist epistemology and theory as a framework for research, our study examines how early-career academics language and construct experiences of stress and concern. We employed a constructionist thematic analysis. This involved selecting a sample of blogs and Twitter microblogs to code and identifying important themes, in relation to stress and concern. Through a preliminary analysis of blogs, we found that there were recurring concerns on work-life balance, a competitive culture that eroded collegiality and social support, and there were worries about the insecurity of work. Our analysis of Twitter tweets found a range of concerns. There were issues of health and wellbeing, being unfairly discriminated against and not recognised by senior academic staff, structural barriers in the application and access of research, publishing issues and advice in relation to accessibility of research outputs, a governmentality on the standards of academic conduct, and concerns on flexibility in relation to time and work life balance. The findings have implications for higher education institutions in the support and career development of early career academics

Towards Laser Driven Hadron Cancer Radiotherapy: A Review of Progress

It has been known for about sixty years that proton and heavy ion therapy is a very powerful radiation procedure for treating tumours. It has an innate ability to irradiate tumours with greater doses and spatial selectivity compared with electron and photon therapy and hence is a tissue sparing procedure. For more than twenty years powerful lasers have generated high energy beams of protons and heavy ions and hence it has been frequently speculated that lasers could be used as an alternative to RF accelerators to produce the particle beams necessary for cancer therapy. The present paper reviews the progress made towards laser driven hadron cancer therapy and what has still to be accomplished to realise its inherent enormous potential.Comment: 40 pages, 24 figure

Non-classical photon streams using rephased amplified spontaneous emission

We present a fully quantum mechanical treatment of optically rephased photon echoes. These echoes exhibit noise due to amplified spontaneous emission, however this noise can be seen as a consequence of the entanglement between the atoms and the output light. With a rephasing pulse one can get an "echo" of the amplified spontaneous emission, leading to light with nonclassical correlations at points separated in time, which is of interest in the context of building wide bandwidth quantum repeaters. We also suggest a wideband version of DLCZ protocol based on the same ideas.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Added section

Photon echo quantum memories in inhomogeneously broadened two level atoms

Here we propose a solid-state quantum memory that does not require spectral holeburning, instead using strong rephasing pulses like traditional photon echo techniques. The memory uses external broadening fields to reduce the optical depth and so switch off the collective atom-light interaction when desired. The proposed memory should allow operation with reasonable efficiency in a much broader range of material systems, for instance Er3+ doped crystals which have a transition at 1.5 um. We present analytic theory supported by numerical calculations and initial experiments.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure

Experimental realization of light with time separated correlations by rephasing amplified spontaneous emission

Amplified spontaneous emission is a common noise source in active optical systems, it is generally seen as being an incoherent process. Here we excite an ensemble of rare earth ion dopants in a solid with a {\pi}-pulse, resulting in amplified spontaneous emission. The application of a second {\pi}-pulse leads to a coherent echo of the amplified spontaneous emission that is correlated in both amplitude and phase. For small optical thicknesses, we see evidence that the amplified spontaneous emission and its echo are entangled.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, the supplementary information pdf was uploaded with latex source files. This version accepted for publication in PR

Ultrahigh and persistent optical depths of caesium in Kagom\'e-type hollow-core photonic crystal fibres

Alkali-filled hollow-core fibres are a promising medium for investigating light-matter interactions, especially at the single-photon level, due to the tight confinement of light and high optical depths achievable by light-induced atomic desorption. However, until now these large optical depths could only be generated for seconds at most once per day, severely limiting the practicality of the technology. Here we report the generation of highest observed transient ($>10^5$ for up to a minute) and highest observed persistent ($>2000$ for hours) optical depths of alkali vapours in a light-guiding geometry to date, using a caesium-filled Kagom\'e-type hollow-core photonic crystal fibre. Our results pave the way to light-matter interaction experiments in confined geometries requiring long operation times and large atomic number densities, such as generation of single-photon-level nonlinearities and development of single photon quantum memories.Comment: Author Accepted versio

Orbital electron capture by the nucleus

The theory of nuclear electron capture is reviewed in the light of current understanding of weak interactions. Experimental methods and results regarding capture probabilities, capture ratios, and EC/Beta(+) ratios are summarized. Radiative electron capture is discussed, including both theory and experiment. Atomic wave function overlap and electron exchange effects are covered, as are atomic transitions that accompany nuclear electron capture. Tables are provided to assist the reader in determining quantities of interest for specific cases