Pojavnost displazije bedrenog zgloba u nekih pasmina lovačkih pasa.

An analysis of the occurrence of hip joint dysplasia (HJD) was carried out on the following hunting dogs in the Slovak Republic in the period 1995-2000: Bavarian mountain hound and Hannoverian hound. During the period under investigation we examined 299 animals of both breeds - 206 bitches and 93 dogs. Whereas in 1995 we found that 38.3% were affected by HJD, by the end of the observation period the number of HJD-positive dogs decreased to 26.1% in both breeds. Analysis of the results also showed that HJD was diagnosed in 22.3% of bitches and 18.9% of dogs. The differences between positive and negative findings during the investigated period were significant (P≤0.05) when evaluated by χ2 test. The incidence of HJD in both hunting dog breeds showed a decreasing tendency, probably as a result of selective breeding. HJD was evaluated using a 5-point gradation system, extending from A to E. However, stages D and E were not diagnosed.Analiza pojavnosti displazije bedrenog zgloba u lovačkih pasa pasmina bavarski krvosljednik i hanoveranski krvosljednik provedena je u Republici Slovačkoj u razdoblju od 1995. do 2000. U tom je razdoblju bilo pretraženo 299 životinja obih pasmina i to 206 ženki i 93 mužjaka. Za razliku od 1995. kada je bilo ustanovljeno 38,3% pretraženih pasa s displazijom bedrenog zgloba, na kraju promatranog razdoblja broj pozitivnih smanjio se na 26,1% u obje pasmine. Displazija je bila dokazana u 22,3% ženki i 18,9% mužjaka. Razlika između pozitivnih i negativnih nalaza u pretraživanom razdoblju bila je statistički značajna (P≤0,05) određeno χ2 testom. Smanjenje pojavnosti displazije bedrenog zgloba u promatranih pasmina pasa vjerojatno je rezultat odabira. Prosudba je bila provedena na osnovi pet stupnjeva označenih od A do E. Displazija stupnja D i E nije bila ustanovljena

Pojavnost displazije bedrenog zgloba u nekih pasmina lovačkih pasa.

An analysis of the occurrence of hip joint dysplasia (HJD) was carried out on the following hunting dogs in the Slovak Republic in the period 1995-2000: Bavarian mountain hound and Hannoverian hound. During the period under investigation we examined 299 animals of both breeds - 206 bitches and 93 dogs. Whereas in 1995 we found that 38.3% were affected by HJD, by the end of the observation period the number of HJD-positive dogs decreased to 26.1% in both breeds. Analysis of the results also showed that HJD was diagnosed in 22.3% of bitches and 18.9% of dogs. The differences between positive and negative findings during the investigated period were significant (P≤0.05) when evaluated by χ2 test. The incidence of HJD in both hunting dog breeds showed a decreasing tendency, probably as a result of selective breeding. HJD was evaluated using a 5-point gradation system, extending from A to E. However, stages D and E were not diagnosed.Analiza pojavnosti displazije bedrenog zgloba u lovačkih pasa pasmina bavarski krvosljednik i hanoveranski krvosljednik provedena je u Republici Slovačkoj u razdoblju od 1995. do 2000. U tom je razdoblju bilo pretraženo 299 životinja obih pasmina i to 206 ženki i 93 mužjaka. Za razliku od 1995. kada je bilo ustanovljeno 38,3% pretraženih pasa s displazijom bedrenog zgloba, na kraju promatranog razdoblja broj pozitivnih smanjio se na 26,1% u obje pasmine. Displazija je bila dokazana u 22,3% ženki i 18,9% mužjaka. Razlika između pozitivnih i negativnih nalaza u pretraživanom razdoblju bila je statistički značajna (P≤0,05) određeno χ2 testom. Smanjenje pojavnosti displazije bedrenog zgloba u promatranih pasmina pasa vjerojatno je rezultat odabira. Prosudba je bila provedena na osnovi pet stupnjeva označenih od A do E. Displazija stupnja D i E nije bila ustanovljena

Limfosarkom tankog crijeva mačke.

We describe a clinical case of a 4-year-old cat suspected to be suffering from a kidney disease, sent to our clinic by a private veterinarian. During the preceding two weeks the cat suffered from anorexia and in the past three days she had vomited food and water. Clinical examination revealed dehydration and abdominal palpation identified two solid, walnut-sized formations in the centre of the cat’s abdominal cavity. A blood sample was taken for biochemical examination and the abdominal cavity was examined by X-ray. On the basis of the results obtained a diagnostic laparotomy was performed, which established the presence of two tumorous formations protruding from jejunum. The affected part of the intestine was resected, intestinal ends were joined by end-to-end everted anastomosis and the laparotomic wound was closed using the common procedure. The cat was treated by infusions and antibiotics. The excised portion of the intestine was sent for histological examination, which identified a lymphosarcoma.Opisana je klinička slika u mačke u dobi 4 godine koja je na kliniku upućena pod sumnjom na bolest bubrega. Dva tjedna prije toga pokazivala je znakove anoreksije, a posljednja tri dana povraćala je hranu i vodu. Mačka je bila izrazito dehidrirana, a palpacijom abdomena ustanovljene su dvije čvrste tvorbe veličine oraha i to u središnjem području trbušne šupljine. Provedena je klinička i biokemijska pretraga krvi i rendgenografija abdomena. Na temelju dobivenih nalaza izvršena je dijagnostička laparotomija kojom su dokazane dvije tumorske tvorbe na taštom crijevu. Promijenjeni dio crijeva je reseciran nakon čega su krajnji dijelovi spojeni anastomozom. Mačka je nakon operacije bila liječena infuzijama i antibioticima. Odstranjen dio crijeva bio je dostavljen na histološku pretragu te je potvrđen limfosarkom

Mezoteliom perikarda u bernskoga planinskoga psa - prikaz slučaja

On the basis of a clinical case we describe the symptoms, development and surgical method used for a six-year-old Bernese mountain dog affected by mesothelioma growing out of the pericardium. We provide an overview of the incidence of the tumor, risk factors, pathogenesis and possibilities of therapy in this canine breed. In our clinical case we did not confifi rm any contact of the dog with asbestos or larger amount of pesticides, which are described as etiological factors of mesothelioma in the literature. The dog’s owner did not visit our clinic due to suspicion of a tumor, but because of the general weakness of the dog accompanied by hematuria. The owner later added that the dog had already been suffering from general weakness and depression for a longer time. The radiological examination showed a non-specific effusion in the thoracic cavity, and the ultrasound examination located the mass in the area of the heart with production of exudate into the thoracic cavity. As a result of cytological and histological examinations, a mesothelioma was detected. During thoracotomy a tumorous mass was diagnosed between the pericardium and the left thoracic wall, located on the right accessory pulmonary lobe. The tumor mass was connected with the diaphragm. Because of the bad prognosis and after consultation with the owner, the dog was euthanized. The incidence of mesothelioma in Bernese mountain dogs is described for the first time.Opisani su znakovi, razvoj i kirurška obrada mezotelioma osrčja u šestogodišnjega bernskoga planinskoga psa. Prikazan je pregled pojave tumora, rizični čimbenici, patogeneza i mogućnosti liječenja u te pasmine pasa. U anamnezi nije potvrđen ikakav dodir psa s azbestom ili većom količinom pesticida što je u literaturi opisano kao etiološki čimbenici mezotelioma. Vlasnik nije psa doveo na klinički pregled zbog sumnje na tumor već zbog opće slabosti praćene hematurijom. Naknadno je dodao da je u psa već duže vrijeme primjećivao opću slabost i potištenost. Radiološkom pretragom nije bio ustanovljen nespecifični izljev u prsnu šupljinu, a ultrazvučnom pretragom bila je ustanovljena masa u području srca s eksudatom u prsnoj šupljini. Mezoteliom je bio dijagnosticiran na osnovi citološke i histološke pretrage. Tijekom torakotomije tumorska je masa bila ustanovljena između perikarda i lijeve torakalne stijenke u području desnoga akcesornoga plućnoga režnja i bila je povezana s ošitom. Zbog loše prognoze te nakon savjetovanja s vlasnikom pas je bio eutanaziran. Ovo je prvi opis pojave mezotelioma u bernskoga planinskoga psa

Kardiorespiratorni i hemodinamički efekti medetomidina ili ksilazina sa atropin i diazepam premedikacijom prilikom indukovanja totalne intravenske anestezije sa propofol/fentanil-om kod pasa tokom hirurških intervencija

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different premedication protocols followed by a propofol/fentanyl TIVA on cardio-respiratory and hemodynamic changes in twenty-four dogs randomly divided into two groups (AMD-group: medetomidine, atropine and diazepam; AXD-group: xylazine, atropine and diazepam). Cardiorespiratory variables, acid-base indices, quality of sedation, induction, intubation and recovery were recorded throughout the experiment. Signifi cant changes were observed for the pO2 level, which was increased in the AMDgroup from 90 min. (*P< 0.05) to 120 min. (**P< 0.01) of anesthesia. This can be explained by a reduction of the administration rate of propofol/fentanyl TIVA and oxygenation initiated due to excessively deep anesthesia detected by an anesthetsiologist, leading to improved ventilation and increased pO2 . The pCO2 (*P < 0.05) reached more preferable values during the fi rst 30 min. and pH (**P< 0.01) was signifi cantly improved within the fi rst 60 min. in the AXD-group thanks to less depressant effects of xylazine. Within the fi rst 30 min. of anesthesia a signifi cant heart rate difference between the groups was accompanied with signifi cantly higher BP (hypertension) in the AXD-group (10 min. ***P< 0.001, 30 min. **P< 0.01). This points to the possibility of atropine application only in the case of a tendency to bradycardia followed by hypotension. It can be concluded that xylazine is a better option for the premedication of a propofol/ fentanyl TIVA in dogs undergoing a prolonged surgical intervention, in spite of the fact that lower sedation scores were attained. We have detected signifi cantly less adverse cardio-respiratory and hemodynamic effects of xylazine, and a shorter recovery time when compared to medetomidine.Obavljeno je upoređivanje efekata različitih protokola premedikacije koji su prethodili propofol/fentanil TIVA na kardio-respiratorne i hemodinamičke promene kod 24 psa koji su podeljeni u dve grupe (AMD-grupa: medetomidin, atropin i diazepam; AXD-grupa: xylazin, atropin i diazepam). Tokom ogleda, praćene su promenljive kardio-respiratorne vrednosti, acido-bazne vrednosti, kvalitet sedacije, indukcija sedacije, intubacija i stepen oporavka od anestezije. Značajne promene su uočene u odnosu na pO2 koje su bile povećane u AMD-grupi od 90 (*P<0.05) do 120 minuta (**P<0.01) anestezije. Ovo može da se objasni smanjenjem brzine davanja propofol/fentanil TIVA i oksigenacijom koja je izazvana naročito dubokom anestezijom koja je uočena od strane anesteziologa, što je vodilo pojačanoj ventilaciji i povećanim vrednostima pO2. Zahvaljujući slabijim depresivnim efektima ksilazina, u AXD grupi, nivoi pCO2 (*P<0.05) su dostizali željene vrednosti tokom prvih 30 minuta, a pH (**P<0.01) vrednosti su bile značajno poboljšane u prvih 60 minuta. U prvih 30 minuta anestezije, uočene su značajne razlike u radu srca (puls) između grupa pri čemu su vrednosti BP (hipertenzija) bile značajno veće u AXD grupi (10 min. ***P<0.001, 30 min. **P<0.01). Ovo ukazuje na mogućnost aplikacije atropina samo u slučaju postojanja tendencije razvoja bradikardije koja bi prethodila hipotenziji. Na osnovu rezultata može da se zaključi da je ksilazin bolja opcija za premedikaciju tokom propofol/fentanil TIVA anestezije kod pasa tokom produžene hirurške intervencije, uprkos činjenici da su ustanovljeni niži skorovi sedacije. Ustanovljeni su manje značajni neželjeni kardio-respiratorni i hemodinamički efekti ksilazina, kao i kraće vreme buđenja u poređenju sa medetomidinom

Reparacija defekata hrskavice kunića autolognim i alogenim hondrocitima zasejanim na kolagen/ hijaluronan osnovu ili suspendovanim u fibrinskom lepku

The topic of the study was to verify in vivo survival of in vitro cultured autologous and allogenous chondrocytes suspended in a fi brin glue Beriplast® or seeded on Collagen type I-Hyaluronan (Col type I-HYA) scaffolds for the regeneration of articular cartilage defects in rabbits. The study was carried out on 15 domestic rabbits randomly assigned to fi ve groups (n = 3 in each) with different treatments of artifi cially created chondral defects (ChD ́s). These defects were made in a non-load-bearing area of medial condyle of the distal femur, and were treated as follows: 1st and 3rd group: the ChD ́s were fi lled with autologous or allogenous chondrocytes seeded on Col type I-HYA scaffolds, respectively. The scaffolds were fi xed to the ChD ́s by fi brin glue Beriplast®; 2nd and 4th group: the ChD ́s were fi lled with a suspension of autologous or allogenous chondrocytes in fi brin glue Beriplast®, respectively, and they were immediately covered by unseeded Col type I-HYA scaffolds; Control group: the ChD ́s were left to heal spontaneously without any treatment. Macroscopical, histological and immunohistochemical analyses of the ChD ́s were performed 12 months after the treatment. In all treated groups, the chondrocytes were capable to proliferate and produce the cartilage extracellular matrix, including proteoglycans and type II collagen, as compared to the control “untreated” group. On the other hand, the production of hyaline-like cartilage tissue confi rmed that both therapeutic methods using autologous chondrocytes can be applied successfully for the treatment of chondral defects in rabbits.Cilj studije je bio da se verifi kuje in vivo preživljavanje in vitro kultivisanih autolognih i alogenih hondrocita suspendovanih u fi brinski Beriplast® lepak ili na kolagen Hyaluronan tip I (Col type I-HYA) osnovu radi regeneracije oštećenja zglobne hrskavice kod kunića. Ispitivanje je obavljeno na 15 domaćih kunića, odabranih slučajnim izborom koji su podeljeni u pet grupa (3 po grupi) kod kojih su veštački izazvana oštećenja hrskavice (ChD), tretirana na različite načine. Oštećenja su napravljena na površinama koje nisu noseće na medijalnom kondilusu distalnog femura, a tretman je podrazumevao: prva i treća grupa: ChD su punjene sa autolognim ili alogenim hondrocitima zasejanim na Col tip I-HYA osnovu. Osnove su fi ksirane na ChD pomoću fi brinskog lepka Beriplast®; druga i četvrta grupa: oštećenja su punjena suspenzijom autolognih ili alogenih hondrocita u fi brinskom Beriplast® lepku, a neposredno posle toga, prekriveni su sa nezasejanom Col tip I-HYA osnovom; kontrolna grupa: oštećenja su ostavljena da spontano zarastu, bez tretmana. Dvanaest meseci posle tretmana obavljene su makroskopske, histološke i imunohistološke analize promena. Kod svih životinja tretiranih grupa, hondrociti su bili sposobni da proliferišu i proizvode ekstracelularni matriks hrskavice, uključujući proteoglikane i II tip kolagena u poređenju sa kontrolnom “netretriranom” grupom. Sa druge strane, proizvodnja hrskavičavog tkiva nalik na hijalin potvrđuje da se oba terapijska metoda koji koriste autologne hondrocite mogu da uspešno primene u tretiranju defekata hrskavice kod kunića

Inter- and Intra-Observer Variations in Radiographic Evaluation of Pelvic Limbs in Yorkshire Terriers with Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Patellar Luxation

The main aims of the study were to describe bone alignment differences in Yorkshire Terriers (YT) with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR), patellar luxation (PL), or with a combination of both (CCLR + PL); to verify the theory of increased strain on cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) due to PL as a predisposing factor; and to evaluate intra- and inter-observer variability of the protocols developed for measurement of femoral and tibial alignment in Yorkshire Terriers. Fifty-five hindlimbs of YT were divided into four groups: Control, CCLR, PL, and CCLR + PL. Thirty parameters were radiographically evaluated including hip joint, femoral, tibial, and intercondylar fossa (ICF) parameters. Three observers evaluated all parameters on two separate occasions with a twelve-week interval between measurements. Significant differences in conjunction with CCLR and PL theories between groups were noticed in: Norberg angle (NA), quadriceps angle (Qa), anatomic lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), femoral varus (FVA), mechanical cranial proximal tibial angle (mCrPTA), mechanical caudal proximal tibial angle (mCdPTA), tibial plateau angle (TPA), distal tibial axis/proximal tibial axis angle (DPA). Some interesting findings are the similarity of values between Control and CCLR vs. CCLR + PL and PL groups in Na, Qa, aLDFA; between CCLR + PL and PL in FVA and a significantly lower age of dogs in CCLR + PL compared to CCLR group. Based on our results, we can conclude that YT with different clinical findings have differing bone morphology. Moreover, these findings may support PL as a predisposing factor for CCLR in small breeds. Measurements in which excellent inter- observer agreement was achieved may be used for surgical planning or for further discussions