A STUDY ON THE CHALLENGES TO BOYS\u27 EDUCATION IN SABIE, MOZAMBIQUE

Much research has been conducted on struggles related to female retention rates in schools in Africa. Yet, it was observed that boys are not completing their education, as well, in the region of Sabie, Mozambique. Utilizing semi-structured interviews, this study focused on the challenges that boys face in Sabie that cause them to stop their education, as well as investigated where they go instead of attending school. This qualitative study with six non-student participants from the community, six current students and five drop outs, indicated that boys mainly drop out due to financial problems. Results also indicated that when they quit school they find a variety of ways to make money, including poaching rhino horn, working in South Africa and working for local businesses and farms. It is important that boys stay in school, since it has been shown that education helps advance the economy of any country (Solberg, 2015). The results suggest that by improving conditions in the area, and creating more job opportunities that respect a good education, boys might stay in school longer and uplift not only the village, but also the whole country

Chrysostom and Luther on the Intergenerational Character of the Faith: Retrieving the God-Designed Parental Role in the Transmission of the Faith to the Next Generation

Ledebuhr, Charles S. V. “Chrysostom and Luther on the Intergenerational Character of the Faith: Retrieving the God-Designed Parental Role in the Transmission of the Faith to the Next Generation.” MA Thesis, Concordia Seminary, 2020. 167 pp. Although hardly anyone would argue against the importance of parents in the faith formation of their children or that God commanded parents to pass on the faith to their children, there is still a clear tendency in the church to concentrate the teaching of the faith around the temple and the pastor rather than giving to the home and the parents the proper attention in accordance with God’s design. This thesis addresses the issue by harvesting contributions from two esteemed theologians of the history of the Church, John Chrysostom and Martin Luther. The analysis of relevant texts from these authors shows that Chrysostom and Luther support the thesis that the transmission of faith is inherently intergenerational, i.e., God created the human being in such a way that he has a natural tendency to learn from the previous generation and pass on to the next generation the faith in all its nuances or what it means to be completely human the way God intends us to be. Further insights from the research in Chrysostom and Luther also corroborate what other contemporary authors have been emphasizing, that the distinctiveness of the Christian life must be recovered in order to pass on to the next generation God’s account of what it means to be human. Otherwise, the world will inculcate in the young a different version of what it means to be human. The testimony of these two highly esteemed theologians, one from among the Church Fathers and the other from the Reformation era, should not be taken lightly. Therefore, this research contributes to the discussion aimed at recovering the role of parents in the faith formation of new generations by including the voices of Chrysostom and Luther in order that their inputs may be reappreciated

Progress toward Hydrogen Peroxide Micropropulsion

A new self-pressurizing propulsion system has liquid thrusters and gas jet attitude control without heavy gas storage vessels. A pump boosts the pressure of a small fraction of the hydrogen peroxide, so that reacted propellant can controllably pressurize its own source tank. The warm decomposition gas also powers the pump and is supplied to the attitude control jets. The system has been incorporated into a prototype microsatellite for terrestrial maneuvering tests. Additional progress includes preliminary testing of a bipropellant thruster, and storage of unstabilized hydrogen peroxide in small sealed tanks

Gamma‐ray optical counterpart search experiment (GROCSE)

The requirements of a gamma‐ray burst optical counterpart detector are reviewed. By taking advantage of real‐time notification of bursts, new instruments can make sensitive searches while the gamma‐ray transient is still in progress. A wide field of view camera at Livermore National Laboratories has recently been adapted for detecting GRB optical counterparts to a limiting magnitude of 8. A more sensitive camera, capable of reaching mv=14, is under development. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87629/2/633_1.pd

Autonomous, agile micro-satellites, and supporting technologies

This paper updates the on-going effort at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to develop autonomous, agile micro-satellites (MicroSats). The objective of this development effort is to develop MicroSats weighing only a few tens of kilograms, that are able to autonomously perform precision maneuvers and can be used telerobotically in a variety of mission modes. The required capabilities include satellite rendezvous, inspection, proximity-operations, docking, and servicing. The MicroSat carries an integrated proximity-operations sensor-suite incorporating advanced avionics. A new self-pressurizing propulsion system utilizing a miniaturized pump and non-toxic mono-propellant hydrogen peroxide was successfully tested. This system can provide a nominal 25 kg MicroSat with 200-300 m/s delta-v including a warm-gas attitude control system. The avionics is based on the latest PowerPC processor using a CompactPCI bus architecture, which is modular, high-performance and processor-independent. This leverages commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) technologies and minimizes the effects of future changes in processors. The MicroSat software development environment uses the Vx-Works real-time operating system (RTOS) that provides a rapid development environment for integration of new software modules, allowing early integration and test. We will summarize results of recent integrated ground flight testing of our latest non-toxic pumped propulsion MicroSat testbed vehicle operated on our unique dynamic air-rail

Near-infrared camera for the Clementine mission

The Clementine mission provided the first ever complete, systematic surface mapping of the moon from the ultra-violet to the near-infrared regions. More than 1.7 million images of the moon, earth and space were returned from this mission. The near-infrared (NIR) multi-spectral camera, one of two workhorse lunar mapping cameras (the other being the UV/visible camera), provided {approximately}200 in spatial resolution at 400 km periselene, and a 39 km across-track swath. This 1.9 kg infrared camera using a 256 x 256 InSb FPA viewed reflected solar illumination from the lunar surface and lunar horizon in the 1 to 3 {micro}m wavelength region, extending lunar imagery and mineralogy studies into the near infrared. A description of this light-weight, low power NIR camera along with a summary of lessons learned is presented. Design goals and preliminary on-orbit performance estimates are addressed in terms of meeting the mission`s primary objective for flight qualifying the sensors for future Department of Defense flights

Catena Scripturae : Tractatus Novus, In quo Ratio Accentuum, Quibus Hebraeus S. Scripturae contextus interpungitur, Nunc Primum Inventa luculentâ methodo accuratissimè exponitur

Opus ad interpretationem divinarum literarum inprimis necessarium, Autore M. Caspare Ledebuhrio, Coslino-PomeranoTeilw. in hebr. Schr. und Sprach

Antinociceptive effect of N-3- (phenylselenyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl benzamide in mice: involvement of the serotonergic system

Pain is a medical condition present in several pathologies as a secondary and disabling effect, in addition to being categorized as a multidimensional and multifactorial phenomenon, which involves different neurotransmitter systems, including the serotonergic. For this reason, it is necessary to obtain analgesic compounds that have greater efficacy and fewer adverse effects. Taking into account the pharmacological properties demonstrated by selenium and the benzamide nucleus, both components were incorporated into a new molecule: N-3-(phenylselenyl)prop-2-yn-1-ylic benzamide (SePB). Therefore, the present work aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of this compound in mouse pain models and its interaction with serotonergic receptors. Adult male Swiss mice weighing between 25 and 30 g were used, from the Central Animal House of the Federal University of Pelotas. Initially, a time-response curve was performed in the tail immersion test and later a dose-response curve in the tail immersion, hot plate and glutamate tests. In all tests performed, the time for the animal's nociception response was evaluated. For the time-response curve, the animals received 10 mg/kg of SePB, diluted in canola oil, intragastrically, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour or 2 hours before the tail immersion test. In the dose-response curves, doses of 1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of the compound diluted in canola oil were used, administered to the animals intragastrically 30 min before the nociceptive tests. In the time-response curve, SePB increased the latency for the nociceptive response in the tail immersion test from 30 minutes, which was chosen for further tests. In the dose-response curve, performed in the tail immersion test, SePB increased the latency to the nociceptive response at all doses tested. In the hot plate and paw glutamate tests, SePB increased the latency to nociception from the dose of 10 mg/kg. These results demonstrate that SePB had an antinociceptive effect. To evaluate the serotonergic system, selective 5-HT receptor antagonists were administered, namely WAY100635 (0.5 mg/kg, subcutaneously, a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist), ketanserin (0.3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). , a 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist) or ondansetron (0.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, a 5-HT3receptor antagonist), 15 minutes before administration of SePB (10 mg/kg, intragastric). The behavioral test was performed 30 minutes after compound administration. WAY100635 and ketanserin acted blocking the nociceptive effect presented by the compound, while ondasetron had no interaction with the effect caused by SePB. Before any experiment, the open field test was performed to assess the existence of a possible locomotor deficit, which was not identified. We conclude that SePB has an antinociceptive effect, which can be modulated by the serotonergic system, specifically through 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A/2C receptors, thus proving to be a promising compound for the treatment of pain.Sem bolsaA dor é uma condição médica presente em diversas patologias como um efeito secundário e incapacitante, além de ser categorizado como um fenômeno multidimensional e multifatorial, que envolve diferentes sistemas de neurotransmissores, incluindo o serotoninérgico. Por este motivo, é necessário obter compostos analgésicos que possuam maior eficácia e menos efeitos adversos. Levando em consideração as propriedades farmacológicas demonstradas pelo selênio e pelo núcleo benzamida, ambos componentes foram incorporados a uma nova molécula: a benzamida N-3-(fenilselenil)prop-2-in-1-ílica (SePB). Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito antinociceptivo deste composto em modelos de dor em camundongos e sua interação com receptores serotoninérgicos. Foram utilizados camundongos Swiss adultos, machos, pesando entre 25 e 30 g, provenientes do Biotério Central da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Inicialmente foi realizada uma curva de tempo-resposta no teste da imersão da cauda e posteriormente uma curva de dose-resposta nos testes de imersão da cauda, chapa quente e glutamato. Em todos os testes realizados, foi avaliado o tempo para a resposta de nocicepção do animal. Para a curva de tempo-resposta, os animais receberam 10 mg/kg da SePB, diluída em óleo de canola, por via intragástrica, 15 minutos, 30 minutos, 1 hora ou 2 horas antes da realização do teste de imersão da cauda. Nas curvas de dose- resposta, foram utilizadas as doses de 1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg e 50 mg/kg do composto diluído em óleo de canola, administradas aos animais por via intragástrica 30 min antes dos testes nociceptivos. Na curva de tempo-resposta, a SePB aumentou a latência para a resposta nociceptiva no teste de imersão da cauda a partir de 30 minutos, o qual foi escolhido para posteriores testes. Na curva de dose-resposta, realizada no teste de imersão da cauda, a SePB aumentou a latência para a resposta nociceptiva em todas as doses testadas. Nos testes da chapa quente e glutamato na pata, a SePB aumentou a latência para nocicepção a partir da dose de 10 mg/kg. Estes resultados demonstram que a SePB apresentou efeito antinociceptivo. Para avaliação do sistema serotoninérgico foram administrados antagonistas seletivos de receptores 5-HT, sendo eles, WAY100635 (0,5 mg/kg, por via subcutânea, um antagonista do receptor 5-HT1A), cetanserina (0,3 mg/kg, intraperitonealmente, um antagonista do receptor 5-HT2A/2C) ou ondansetrona (0,5 mg/kg, intraperitonealmente, um antagonista do receptor 5-HT3 ), 15 minutos antes da administração da SePB (10 mg/kg, por via intragástrica). O teste comportamental foi realizado 30 minutos após a administração do composto. O WAY100635 e a cetanserina atuaram bloqueando o efeito nociceptivo apresentado pelo composto, enquanto a ondasetrona não teve interação com o efeito ocasionado pela SePB. Antes de qualquer experimento foi realizado o teste de campo aberto para avaliar a existência de um possível déficit locomotor, o qual não foi identificado. Concluímos que a SePB apresenta efeito antinociceptivo, que pode ser modulado pelo sistema serotoninérgico, especificamente através dos receptores 5-HT1A e 5-HT2A/2C, com isso demonstrando ser um composto promissor para o tratamento da dor

PlumeSat: A Micro-Satellite Based Plume Imagery Collection Experiment

This paper describes a technical approach to cost-effectively collect plume imagery of boosting targets using a novel micro-satellite based platform operating in low earth orbit (LEO). The plume collection Micro-satellite or PlueSat for short, will be capable of carrying an array of multi-spectral (UV through LWIR) passive and active (Imaging LADAR) sensors and maneuvering with a lateral divert propulsion system to different observation altitudes (100 to 300 km) and different closing geometries to achieve a range of aspect angles (15 to 60 degrees) in order to simulate a variety of boost phase intercept missions. The PlumeSat will be a cost effective platform to collect boost phase plume imagery from within 1 to 10 km ranges, resulting in 0.1 to 1 meter resolution imagery of a variety of potential target missiles with a goal of demonstrating reliable plume-to-hardbody handover algorithms for future boost phase intercept missions. Once deployed on orbit, the PlumeSat would perform a series phenomenology collection experiments until expends its on-board propellants. The baseline PlumeSat concept is sized to provide from 5 to 7 separate fly by data collects of boosting targets. The total number of data collects will depend on the orbital basing altitude and the accuracy in delivering the boosting target vehicle to the nominal PlumeSat fly-by volume