Cementum, apical morphology and hypercementosis: a probable adaptive response of the periodontal support tissues and potential orthodontic implications

Information about orthodontic movement of teeth with hypercementosis is scarce. As cementum deposition continues to occur, cementum is expected to change the shape of the root and apex over time, but this has not yet been demonstrated. Nor has it ever been established whether it increases or decreases the prevalence of root resorption during orthodontic treatment. The unique biological function of the interconnected network of cementocytes may play a role in orthodontic movement and its associated root resorptions, but no research has ever been conducted on the topic. Unlike cementum thickness and hypercementosis, root and apex shape has not yet been related to patient age. A study of the precise difference between increased cementum thickness and hypercementosis is warranted. Hypercementosis refers to excessive cementum formation above and beyond the extent necessary to fulfill its normal functions, resulting in abnormal thickening with macroscopic changes in the tooth root, which may require the delivery of forces that are different from conventional mechanics in their intensity, direction and distribution. What are the unique features and specificities involved in moving teeth that present with hypercementosis? Bodily movements would be expected to occur, since inclination might prove difficult to achieve, but would the root resorption index be higher or lower

Tracionamento ortodôntico: possíveis consequências nos caninos superiores e dentes adjacentes. Parte 3: anquilose alveolodentária, reabsorção dentária por substituição, metamorfose cálcica da polpa e necrose pulpar asséptica

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski ([email protected]) on 2013-08-22T18:45:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S2176-94512010000600003.pdf: 486348 bytes, checksum: 8fdf461ee7f3f1fff7ae339ec976f37e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:45:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S2176-94512010000600003.pdf: 486348 bytes, checksum: 8fdf461ee7f3f1fff7ae339ec976f37e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-01Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:34:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S2176-94512010000600003.pdf: 486348 bytes, checksum: 8fdf461ee7f3f1fff7ae339ec976f37e (MD5) S2176-94512010000600003.pdf.txt: 24330 bytes, checksum: d8946d63c5673c8deca8280b0f947dcc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-01Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues ([email protected]) on 2014-05-20T15:09:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S2176-94512010000600003.pdf: 486348 bytes, checksum: 8fdf461ee7f3f1fff7ae339ec976f37e (MD5) S2176-94512010000600003.pdf.txt: 24330 bytes, checksum: d8946d63c5673c8deca8280b0f947dcc (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:09:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S2176-94512010000600003.pdf: 486348 bytes, checksum: 8fdf461ee7f3f1fff7ae339ec976f37e (MD5) S2176-94512010000600003.pdf.txt: 24330 bytes, checksum: d8946d63c5673c8deca8280b0f947dcc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-01USP FOBUSP FORPUNESP Faculdade de Odontologia de AraçatubaUSCUNESP Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatub

New LLLT protocol to speed up the bone healing process-histometric and immunohistochemical analysis in rat calvarial bone defect

A new low-level laser therapy (LLLT) protocol is proposed and compared to another previously studied, in animal models, aiming to establish a more practical LLLT protocol. Protocol 1, the same used in other works and based on the clinical LLLT protocol for bone regeneration, consists of punctual transcutaneous applications in the defect region with fluence of 16 J/cm(2) every 48 h for 15 days. Protocol 2, proposed in this work, consists of three sessions: the first application directly on the defect site with fluency of 3.7 J/cm(2), during the surgical procedure, followed by two transcutaneous applications, 48 and 120 h postoperatively. The Thera LaseA (R) (lambda = 830 nm) was used, and the dosimetry of the first application of protocol 2 was calculated based on in vitro studies. Forty-five male rats were used, in which critical-size bone defects with 8 mm of diameter were surgically created in calvaria. The animals were randomly divided into three groups of 15 animals, named group 1 (protocol 1), group 2 (protocol 2), and control, which was not submitted to laser treatment. After 7, 15, and 45 days, five animals of each group were euthanized, and the pieces of calvarial bone were collected for microscopic and immunohistochemistry for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteocalcin (OC), and osteopontin (OP) analysis. Histomorphometry showed that newly formed bone of 15-day samples from group 2 is higher than the control group (p < 0.05, ANOVA, Tukey). At 7 days, in the central part of the defect, VEGF expression was the same for all groups, OC was higher for protocol 2, and OP for protocol 1. The results suggest LLLT using the protocol 2 hastened the bone healing process in the early periods after surgery.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Explanation for the signs and symptoms of tooth eruption: mast cells

Abstract This study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms associated with signs and symptoms of tooth eruption, by investigating the presence of mast cells in pericoronal tissues during the intraosseous (Group 1) and submucosal (Group 2) phases of eruption. We compared findings for these two groups with each other and with those for the oral mucosa (Group 3). In each group, 14 specimens were analyzed microscopically after hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis of c-Kit and tryptase expression. Results revealed that the number and density of mast cells is different in follicular tissues according to the eruption phase, which may mean that: 1) masticatory trauma of the oral mucosa and dental follicles in the submucosa may explain why reduced enamel epithelium exposes enamel to the cells of the connective tissue; 2) exposure of antigenic enamel proteins might correspond to the release of sequestered antigens, which may lead to the interaction of IgE and a greater number of mast cells in the region; and 3) the consequent degranulation and the local release of mediators, such as histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, proteases, cytokines and growth factors, contribute to the understanding of signs and symptoms associated with tooth eruption

Epidemiology of fluorosis and dental caries according to different types of water supplies Epidemiologia da fluorose e cáries dentárias de acordo com diferentes tipos de abastecimento de água

The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between fluorosis/dental caries in schools, according to the level of fluoride in public water supply. The sample comprised of twelve-year-old daytime students (360) of both genders, attending schools close to the region where they were born. The schools were classified into three groups according to the presence of fluoride in the water supply: 1) fluoridation in the Water Treatment Station-WTS; 2) Direct Fluoridation in Wells-DFW; and 3) Non Fluoridated Areas-NFA. The &#967;2 and Goodman tests (significance=5%) were used to evaluate the association between the origin of water and degree of fluorosis; percentage of distribution and descriptive measures were used for investigation of the degree of fluorosis. The following outcomes were predominant: presence of dental caries in the entire sample (P<0.05); absence of fluorosis in both genders, for white individuals and subjects living in areas supplied by both DFW and NFA (P<0.05). There was no difference in the severity of fluorosis between the sources of water supply (P>0.05). Dental caries is still an important problem in this population, despite the establishment of preventive measured. The observation of fluorosis in students living in non-fluoridated areas confirms the presence of other sources of fluoride.<br>O objetivo do presente artigo é investigar a relação fluorose/cáries em escolas, de acordo com o nível de fluoreto no abastecimento público de água. A amostra consistiu em 360 alunos de doze anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, que frequentam as escolas próximas da região em que nasceram. As escolas foram classificadas em três grupos de acordo com a presença de fluoreto no abastecimento de água: 1) fluoretação na Estação de Tratamento de Água (ETA); 2) fluoretação direta em poços; e 3) áreas não fluoretadas (ANF). Os testes de&#967;e de Goodman (significância = 5%) foram utilizados para avaliar a associação entre a origem da água e o grau de fluorose. Os resultados mais predominantes foram presença de cáries em toda a amostra (P<0,05); ausência de fluorose em ambos gêneros, para indivíduos brancos e aqueles vivendo em áreas abastecidas com água fluoretada diretamente de poços e não fluoretadas (P<0,05). Não houve diferença no grau de severidade da fluorose entre as fontes de abastecimento de água (P>0,05). As cáries ainda são uma importante questão nessa população, apesar do estabelecimento de medida preventiva. A observação da fluorose em alunos vivendo em áreas não fluoretadas confirma a presença de outras fontes de fluorose