Cyberabad, modèle de ville post-moderne ?

L'émergence, en périphérie des principales métropoles indiennes, de véritables « villes champignons » dont les paysages rompent avec le reste du tissu urbain antérieur, interpelle les observateurs. Certains y voient l'apparition d'un nouveau modèle urbain, qualifié de post-moderne, pour les contrastes et les fragmentations sociales qu'il génère. Une relecture de la transposition du concept de modernité à l'Inde fait cependant douter de la réalité d'une lecture par l'écart et de l'utilité du recours à la post-modernité pour interpréter ces transformations. À partir de l'exemple de Cyberabad, en périphérie de la capitale de l'Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, on peut observer comment les frontières décrites sont franchies ainsi que l'apparition de lieux où se réalise une hybridité de la société urbaine.The emergence on the outskirts of major Indian cities of real boomtown whose landscapes break with the rest of the former urban fabric, questions observers. Some see the emergence of a new urban model, described as postmodern, for the contrasts and social fragmentation that it generates. A rereading of the transposition of the concept of modernity in India casts doubt on the reality of an interpretation by the gap and the utility of the use of post-modernity to interpret these changes. From the example of Cyberabad on the outskirts of the capital of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, one can observe how the described boundaries are crossed and the appearance of places where hybridity of urban society is realized

Zonation related function and ubiquitination regulation in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in dynamic vs. static culture conditions

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Understanding hepatic zonation is important both for liver physiology and pathology. There is currently no effective systemic chemotherapy for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its pathogenesis is of special interest. Genomic and proteomic data of HCC cells in different culture models, coupled to pathway-based analysis, can help identify HCC-related gene and pathway dysfunctions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified zonation-related expression profiles contributing to selective phenotypes of HCC, by integrating relevant experimental observations through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Analysis was based on gene and protein expression data measured on a human HCC cell line (HepG2/C3A) in two culture conditions: dynamic microfluidic biochips and static Petri dishes. Metabolic activity (HCC-related cytochromes P450) and genetic information processing were dominant in the dynamic cultures, in contrast to kinase signaling and cancer-specific profiles in static cultures. That, together with analysis of the published literature, leads us to propose that biochips culture conditions induce a periportal-like hepatocyte phenotype while standard plates cultures are more representative of a perivenous-like phenotype. Both proteomic data and GSEA results further reveal distinct ubiquitin-mediated protein regulation in the two culture conditions.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Pathways analysis, using gene and protein expression data from two cell culture models, confirmed specific human HCC phenotypes with regard to CYPs and kinases, and revealed a zonation-related pattern of expression. Ubiquitin-mediated regulation mechanism gives plausible explanations of our findings. Altogether, our results suggest that strategies aimed at inhibiting activated kinases and signaling pathways may lead to enhanced metabolism-mediated drug resistance of treated tumors. If that were the case, mitigating inhibition or targeting inactive forms of kinases would be an alternative.</p

Synthèse d'a-C-galactosylcéramides difluorés et évaluation de leurs propriétés immunorégulatrices pour le traitement des maladies autoimmunes systémiques

Les O-glycoconjugués et les dérivés glycosidiques sont des composés naturels impliqués dans de nombreux processus biologiques. Cependant, leurs propriétés sont grévées par la médiocre stabilité in vivo de la liaison osidique. Il est donc intéressant de développer des mimes non hydrolysables. Nous nous sommes intéressés au remplacement de l'oxygène anomérique par un groupement gem-difluorométhylène.La synthèse d'analogues difluorés d'a-galactosylcéramides avec diverses longueurs de chaînes grasses est décrite dans ce travail. La partie C-glycosidique de ces molécules est construite par l'application d'une séquence d'addition radicalaire et de réduction diastérosélective. La chaîne phytosphingosine est introduite par le synthon a-CF -galactose via un transfert de l'O-2 au carbone pseudo-anomérique, puis un couplage peptidique permet de former la partie céramide. Quatre analogues possédant diverses chaînes phytosphingosines (C H , C H ) et divers acides gras (C H , C H et C H ) ont été synthétisés et évalués biologiquement.O-glycoconjugates and carbohydrate-based molecules are natural compounds implied in many biological processes. However, their properties are burdened by the low in vivo stability of the osidic bond. It is thus interesting to develop non hydrolizable mimetics. We were interested in the replacement of the anomeric oxygen by a gem-difluoromethylene group.The synthesis of difluorinated a-galactosylceramides featuring various lipidic chain lenghts is described herein. The C-glycosidic part of these molecules is construted by a sequence of radical addition and diastereoselective reduction. The phytosphingosine chain is introduced on this intermediate by an O-2 to C-1' migration and the ceramide synthesis is completed by a petidic coupling. Four analogues featuring various phytosphingosines chains (C H , C H ) and fatty acids (C H , C H et C H ) were synthetized and biologically assessed.ROUEN-INSA Madrillet (765752301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Effects of mass transfers and heating rates during bark and wood hydrothermal treatment

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Range expansion of muskox lungworms track rapid arctic warming: implications for geographic colonization under climate forcing

Rapid climate warming in the Arctic results in multifaceted disruption of biodiversity, faunal structure, and ecosystem health. Hypotheses have linked range expansion and emergence of parasites and diseases to accelerating warming globally but empirical studies demonstrating causality are rare. Using historical data and recent surveys as baselines, we explored climatological drivers for Arctic warming as determinants of range expansion for two temperature-dependent lungworms, Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis and Varestrongylus eleguneniensis, of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) and caribou (Rangifer tarandus), in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from 1980 through 2017. Our field data shows a substantial northward shift of the northern edge of the range for both parasites and increased abundance across the expanded ranges during the last decade. Mechanistic models parameterized with parasites’ thermal requirements demonstrated that geographical colonization tracked spatial expansion of permissive environments, with a temporal lag. Subtle differences in life histories, thermal requirements of closely related parasites, climate oscillations and shifting thermal balances across environments influence faunal assembly and biodiversity. Our findings support that persistence of host-parasite assemblages reflects capacities of parasites to utilize host and environmental resources in an ecological arena of fluctuating opportunity (alternating trends in exploration and exploitation) driving shifting boundaries for distribution across spatial and temporal scales