Generative spirituality and the parent-child relationship

This research study includes examining and exploring the processes underlying faith, parent, and child relationships. The project is based on the premises that parents and children mutually influence each other and that faith is important, beneficial, and facilitative, particularly in an increasingly individualistic society. Qualitative methods were used to uncover a depth of information regarding the intersection of faith, parent, and child. Interview data were utilized from a purposive national sample of 30 highly religious families. Four major themes emerged from the analysis. These themes include Concerns about Contemporary Culture, Commitment to Family Life, Close and Connected Family Relationships, and Children’s Influences. Implications of this research study include informing professionals in the area of culturally competent practice and expanding theory regarding the nature of generative family relationships

Pêche, conservation et écotourisme : continuités et transformations dans les rapports socio-environnementaux à Río Lagartos, Réserve de la biosphère Ría Lagartos, Yucatán, Mexique

Ce mémoire porte sur l’expérience d’insertion d’une communauté côtière, celle de Río Lagartos, à une aire protégée, la Réserve de biosphère Ría Lagartos (RBRL), Yucatán, Mexique. L’auteure utilise l’approche de la production et de la construction sociale de l’espace pour comprendre, d’une part, comment les habitants du village et les acteurs de la conservation construisent leur rapport à l’environnement et, d’autre part, comment l’introduction de la RBRL influence et transforme la relation que les résidents entretiennent avec leur milieu. On retrouve à Río Lagartos une configuration particulière de l’espace, où les relations entre les acteurs et les différentes activités économiques qu’ils ont développées historiquement sont étroitement liées et s’articulent aux transformations socio-économiques qui ont eu cours simultanément dans le reste de l’état du Yucatán. Malgré l’instabilité indéniable des pêcheries artisanales dans la région, la pêche continue de jouer un rôle clé dans la consolidation de la communauté et demeure à ce jour le vecteur principal des relations socio-environnementales locales et un élément structurant de la vie quotidienne. Depuis sa création en 1979, la RBRL, quant à elle, marque l’organisation sociale de la communauté et induit des transformations dans la façon dont les habitants appréhendent, utilisent et ont accès à l’environnement. Bien que les acteurs locaux ne rejettent pas entièrement certains éléments de la conservation, ceux-ci sont interprétés différemment selon les individus et se voient contestés, questionnés ou négociés, parfois appropriés ou voire même intégrés par ces acteurs. Ainsi, de nouveaux discours, pratiques et savoirs par rapport à l’environnement local émergent de cette nouvelle logique. De même, de nouveaux groupes d’acteurs apparaissent, notamment les guides écotouristiques, qui adoptent de manière instrumentale les discours environnementaux afin de mettre de l’avant leurs propres intérêts. Ainsi, les marqueurs de pouvoirs traditionnels sont progressivement remplacés par de nouveaux marqueurs, comme la capacité de s’approprier et manipuler les discours sur l’environnement promus par les acteurs de la conservation.This thesis examines the integration experience of a coastal community, that of Río Lagartos, within a protected area, the Ría Lagartos Biosphere Reserve (RBRL), Yucatán, Mexico. Basing its approach on the social production and construction of space, it strives to understand, on the one hand, how the residents and the Reserve’s employees and collaborators each build their relationship to the environment and, on the other hand, how the RBRL influences and transforms the relationship the residents have with their environment. In Río Lagartos there is a particular configuration of space in which the relations between the social actors and the different economic activities they have developed historically are closely linked and relate to the socio-economic transformations that have taken place simultaneously in the rest of the State of Yucatán. Despite the undeniable instability of artisanal fisheries in the region, fishing continues to play a key role in community consolidation and remains the main vector of local socio-environmental dynamics and a structuring element of everyday life. Since it was founded in 1979, the RBRL has influenced the social organization of the community and has led to changes in the way people understand, use and have access to the environment. Although the residents do not completely reject some elements of environmental conservation, these are interpreted differently by individuals and are challenged, questioned or negotiated, sometimes appropriated, or even integrated by these actors. Thus, new discourses, practices and knowledge with respect to the local environment emerge from this new logic. Similarly, new groups of actors are emerging, in particular ecotourism guides, which adopt environmental discourses in an instrumental way only to put forward their own interests. Thus, traditional markers of power within the community are gradually being replaced by new markers, such as the ability to appropriate and manipulate environmental discourses promoted by conservation actors

Gender differences in dietary intakes : what is the contribution of motivational variables ?

Background : Differences between men and women with respect to dietary intakes and eating behaviours have been reported and could be explained by gender differences in motivational variables associated with the regulation of food intake. The main objectives of the present study were to identify gender differences in dietary intakes, eating behaviours and motivational variables and to determine how motivational variables were associated with dietary intakes and eating behaviours in men and women. Methods : Sixty-four men and 59 premenopausal women were included in the present study and presented cardiovascular risk factors. The Regulation of Eating Behaviours scale was completed to assess motivational variables. A validated food frequency questionnaire was administered to evaluate dietary intakes and subjects completed the Three-Factor Eating questionnaire to assess eating behaviours. Results : Men had higher energy intake, energy density and percentage of energy from lipids and lower percentage of energy from carbohydrates than women (P = 0.04). Men also had a lower emotional susceptibility to disinhibition than women (P = 0.0001). Women reported a higher score for eating-related self-determined motivation [i.e. eating-related self-determination index (SDI)] than men (P = 0.002). The most notable gender difference in the pattern of associations was that eating-related SDI was negatively associated with energy density (r = -0.30; P = 0.02), only in women. Conclusions : Women had a better dietary profile and higher eating-related SDI than men. However, gender differences in dietary variables might be explained by a potential gender-specific pattern of association of eating-related SDI with dietary intakes and eating behaviours

Portrait de la situation en matière de recherche scientifique pour l’économie sociale du Canada

Ce rapport présente les premiers résultats d’une veille sur la recherche scientifique en économie sociale au Canada. Nous y avons répertorié divers organismes de recherche qui traitent de l’économie sociale et coopérative. Les critères de sélection étant la scientificité de la production et son importance en volume, nous avons pu répertorier près de vingt-cinq organismes. Toutefois, cette recherche n’est pas exhaustive puisque nous n’avons pas procédé à une enquête systématique de tous les organismes de recherche sur le sujet au Canada. Trois types d’organismes de recherche y ont été répertoriés soit, les centres universitaires ; les associations scientifiques, partenariales et sectorielles ; les organismes gouvernementaux. Chaque organisme est classé sous forme de fiche qui comprend ses coordonnées, une courte présentation, les thématiques qui y sont traitées, les types de publications et les sources de financement. Ce rapport est le deuxième de sa série. Le premier a été publié en mars 2005 (Cahier R-2005-03).This report presents a first outlook of the scientific research on the social economy in Canada. We list diverse research organizations that work on the social and co-operative economy. Selection criteria being the scientific aspect of the production and the importance of it in terms of volume, we have been able to identify almost twenty-five organizations. Nevertheless, this research is not exhaustive, since we have not gone through with a systematic enquiry of all the research organizations working on the social economy in Canada. Three types of research organizations have been listed: university centres; scientific, partnership and sector associations; government organizations. Each organization is classified as a record that includes the mail and electronic addresses, a short presentation, the themes that are developed, the types of publications and the financing sources. This report is the second of its series. The first one was published in March, 2005 (Working Paper R-2005-03)

Récits du nous

Les implications du travail à deux dans le cas de figure où 1+1=3. Comment se construit cette troisième personne qui se nourrit des deux autres sans s’y réduire ? Par l’instauration d’un dialogue qui excède les limites de l’un.e et de l’autre. Le questionnement théorique et pratique ouvre sur l’analyse du premier film réalisé en commun: En amour (2001).The implications of two people working together in the case when 1+1=3. How does this third person develop its own self while it feeds on the two others without being reduced to them? By establishing a dialogue that goes beyond the limits of the one and the other. The theoretical and practical questioning opens out onto the analysis of the first film made together: En amour (2001)

Rapid identification and quantification of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni by real-time PCR in pure cultures and in complex samples

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Campylobacter </it>spp., especially <it>Campylobacter jejuni </it>(<it>C. jejuni</it>) and <it>Campylobacter coli </it>(<it>C. coli</it>), are recognized as the leading human foodborne pathogens in developed countries. Livestock animals carrying <it>Campylobacter </it>pose an important risk for human contamination. Pigs are known to be frequently colonized with <it>Campylobacter</it>, especially <it>C. coli</it>, and to excrete high numbers of this pathogen in their faeces. Molecular tools, notably real-time PCR, provide an effective, rapid, and sensitive alternative to culture-based methods for the detection of <it>C. coli </it>and <it>C. jejuni </it>in various substrates. In order to serve as a diagnostic tool supporting <it>Campylobacter </it>epidemiology, we developed a quantitative real-time PCR method for species-specific detection and quantification of <it>C. coli </it>and <it>C. jejuni </it>directly in faecal, feed, and environmental samples.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>With a sensitivity of 10 genome copies and a linear range of seven to eight orders of magnitude, the <it>C. coli </it>and <it>C. jejuni </it>real-time PCR assays allowed a precise quantification of purified DNA from <it>C. coli </it>and <it>C. jejuni</it>. The assays were highly specific and showed a 6-log-linear dynamic range of quantification with a quantitative detection limit of approximately 2.5 × 10²CFU/g of faeces, 1.3 × 10²CFU/g of feed, and 1.0 × 10³CFU/m²for the environmental samples. Compared to the results obtained by culture, both <it>C. coli </it>and <it>C. jejuni </it>real-time PCR assays exhibited a specificity of 96.2% with a kappa of 0.94 and 0.89 respectively. For faecal samples of experimentally infected pigs, the coefficients of correlation between the <it>C. coli </it>or <it>C. jejuni </it>real-time PCR assay and culture enumeration were R²= 0.90 and R²= 0.93 respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The <it>C. coli </it>and <it>C. jejuni </it>real-time quantitative PCR assays developed in this study provide a method capable of directly detecting and quantifying <it>C. coli </it>and <it>C. jejuni </it>in faeces, feed, and environmental samples. These assays represent a new diagnostic tool for studying the epidemiology of <it>Campylobacter </it>by, for instance, investigating the carriage and excretion of <it>C. coli </it>and <it>C. jejuni </it>by pigs from conventional herds.</p

Modelling Salmonella transmission among pigs from farm to slaughterhouse: Interplay between management variability and epidemiological uncertainty

International audienceSalmonella carriage and cutaneous contamination of pigs at slaughter are a major risk for carcass contamination. They depend on Salmonella prevalence at farm, but also on transmission and skin soiling among pigs during their journey from farm to slaughterhouse. To better understand and potentially control what influences Salmonella transmission within a pig batch during this transport and lairage step, we proposed a compartmental, discrete-time and stochastic model. We calibrated the model using pork chain data from Brittany. We carried out a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the impact of the variability in management protocols and of the uncertainty in epidemiological parameters on three model outcomes: prevalence of infection, average cutaneous contamination and number of new infections at slaughter. Each outcome is mainly influenced by a single management factor: prevalence at slaughter mainly depends on the prevalence at farm, cutaneous contamination on the contamination of lairage pens and new infections on the total duration of transport and lairage. However, these results are strongly affected by the uncertainty in epidemiological parameters. Re-excretion of carriers due to stress does not have a major impact on the number of new infections

Evolution des mécanismes d'accumulation et de transport de l'iode dans les organismes marins (étude de la structure/fonction des protéines du métabolisme iodé chez la bactérie zobellia galactanivorans)

Dans le milieu marin, les émissions biogéniques de composés iodées jouent un rôle essentiel dans le cycle biogéochimique de l iode. Cependant les processus enzymatiques responsables de l'absorption, du stockage ou de la synthèse de métabolites iodés restent mal connus chez les chez les organismes marins, et plus encore chez les bactéries. Plusieurs gènes, potentiellement impliqués dans le métabolisme de l iode, ont été identifiés dans le génome de la bactérie marine, Zobellia galactanivorans, dont celui codant une iodoperoxydase à vanadium (VIPO), enzyme spécifique de l'oxydation des iodures. La partie principale du projet de thèse a consisté à comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires contrôlant la spécificité pour certains halogénures des haloperoxydases à vanadium, en étudiant la VIPO de Z. galactanivorans par des approches de mutagénèse dirigée et de biologie structurale. Les douze enzymes mutantes produites et caractérisées au niveau biochimique montrent soit une perte d activité, soit des modifications de leurs propriétés catalytiques, soit encore une faible activité bromoperoxydase. Les enzymes sauvage et mutantes ont également été étudiées par diffraction et absorption des rayons X, afin de relier les modifications structurales à leurs propriétés catalytiques. Les résultats suggèrent que le principal facteur modulant la spécificité chez ces enzymes est le potentiel d oxydoréduction de l intermédiaire réactionnel, le peroxovanadate. Des analyses biochimiques ont aussi été entreprises pour deux autres protéines identifiées sur le génome de Z. galactanivorans. La première protéine s est révélée être une seconde VIPO. Pour la deuxième protéine, similaire à une iodotyrosine déiodinase, l activité biochimique reste encore à être caractérisée. Z. galactanivorans posséderait plusieurs enzymes pouvant oxyder l iodure, ainsi qu une permettant de cliver les liaisons C-I. En parallèle à ce travail, la localisation et la spéciation de l iode ont été étudiées par imagerie chimique chez Z. galactanivorans et chez l algue brune, Laminaria digitata, connue pour ses fortes teneurs en iode. Les résultats de ce travail apportent un nouvel éclairage sur les mécanismes contrôlant la spécificité des haloperoxydases à vanadium envers les halogénures, et également sur l origine bactérienne de cette famille d enzymes. Plus globalement, ces études permettent de mieux appréhender le rôle du métabolisme de l iode chez certaines bactéries marines et leurs importances dans le cycle biogéochimique de l iode.In marine environment, biogenic emissions of iodinated compounds play an essential role in biogeochemical cycle of iodine. Nevertheless, enzymatic process involved in absorption and storage of iodine or in the synthesis of iodinated compounds are unknown marine organisms, especially in bacteria. Several genes, potentially involved in iodine metabolism, have been identified in the genome of a marine bacterium, Zobellia galactanivorans. One of these genes codes for a vanadium iodoperoxydase (VIPO), an enzyme specific of iodide oxidation. The main part of the thesis project was to understand molecular mechanisms controlling the specificity vanadium halopéroxydase (VHPO) for some halide, by studying the VIPO from Z. galactanivorans by directed mutagenesis and structural biology. To lead this project, twelve mutated enzymes were produced and characterized at biochemical level. For some of them, mutations lead to a loss of activity or to modification of catalytic properties or to a slight VBPO activity. The wild type enzyme and three mutants were also analyzed by X ray absorption and diffraction spectroscopy in order to link the structural modifications to their catalytic properties. The results of this study suggest that the main factor modulating the specificity in these enzymes is modification of redox potential of the peroxovanadate. Biochemical analyses lead with two other proteins identified in the genome of Z. galactanivorans. The first protein was characterized as a new VIPO. For the second protein, similar to mammal iodotyrosine deiodinase, the biochemical activity remains to be characterized. Z. galactanivorans seems to have several enzymes which oxidize iodide or split C-I bond. In parallel at this work, the localization and speciation of iodine were analyzed by chemical imaging in Z. galactanivorans and in the kelp L. digitata, known to concentrate highly iodide. All this information allow to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in the specificity for halide in VHPO and the bacterial origin of these proteins. More generally, these studies assess to understand the role of iodine metabolism in some marine bacteria and there role in biogeochemical cycle of this element.PARIS-JUSSIEU-Bib.électronique (751059901) / SudocSudocFranceF