4 research outputs found
CT enteroclysis and CT enterography — new approaches to assessing pathology of the small intestine
Enteroklyza i enterografia tomografii komputerowej s膮 nowoczesnymi metodami diagnostycznymi pozwalaj膮cymi
na dok艂adn膮 ocen臋 patologii 艣ciany jelita cienkiego z jednoczesn膮 ocen膮 zmian pozajelitowych i pe艂n膮
ocen膮 pozosta艂ych narz膮d贸w jamy brzusznej oraz miednicy mniejszej. Podstawowa r贸偶nica w metodyce
badania mi臋dzy enterografi膮 a enteroklyz膮 polega na odmiennym sposobie podania kontrastu, w przypadku
enteroklyzy odbywa si臋 to przez sond臋 za艂o偶on膮 do p臋tli jelita cienkiego, a w czasie enterografii kontrast
podawany jest doustnie. Rol膮 enteroklyzy/enterografii jest rozpoznanie chor贸b zapalnych jelita cienkiego,
dalsze monitorowanie aktywno艣ci tych chor贸b oraz ocena ich powik艂a艅, ocena jelita cienkiego w przypadku
podejrzenia choroby nowotworowej tego fragmentu przewodu pokarmowego, a tak偶e identyfikacja 藕r贸d艂a
krwawienia z jelita cienkiego. Kluczow膮 kwesti膮 dla poprawnej interpretacji wykonanego badania jest nale偶yte
przygotowanie pacjenta — wype艂nienie p臋tli jelitowych roztworem negatywnego 艣rodka kontrastowego
oraz dob贸r odpowiedniej techniki badania w zale偶no艣ci od danych zawartych w skierowaniu. Niezmiennie
wa偶n膮 role odgrywa do艣wiadczenie radiologa interpretuj膮cego badanie. Pe艂na ocena badania obejmuje
ocen臋 toposcanu, obraz贸w poprzecznych, traktowanych zawsze jako obrazy referencyjne, oraz ocen臋 rekonstrukcji
wielop艂aszczyznowych i 3D. Szczeg贸lnie enterografia w opcji tomografii komputerowej jest
bezpieczn膮 i dobrze tolerowan膮 przez pacjent贸w metod膮 diagnostyczn膮 pozwalaj膮c膮 na zdiagnozowanie
oraz monitorowanie chor贸b zapalnych, nowotwor贸w i malformacji naczyniowych jelita cienkiego.CT enteroclysis and CT enterography are modern diagnostic methods that allow a detailed assessment of the
small intestine wall combined with an evaluation of extraintestinal lesions and a full examination of the remaining
organs in the abdominal cavity and the pelvis. A major difference in examination methodology
between enterography and enteroclysis is the different way in which a contrast medium is administered; in
enteroclysis this is done through a catheter inserted into the small intestine, whereas in enterography the
contrast medium is given orally. The purpose of enteroclysis/enterography is to identify inflammatory diseases
of the small intestine, follow up on the progression of such diseases and assess their complications,
evaluate the small intestine if this part of the gastrointestinal tract is supposed to be affected by a cancerous
growth, as well as find the source of bleeding from the small intestine. A key issue for the correct interpretation
that should follow the examination is to prepare the patient properly: fill intestinal loops with negative contrast medium solution and choose the right examination technique depending on the information contained
in the referral. An invariably crucial role is played by the experience of the radiologist responsible for
the interpretation of the examination. A full evaluation of the examination involves assessing a topographic
scan, axial images, which are always treated as reference, and multiplanar and 3D reconstructions. In particular,
CT enterography is a safe and well-tolerated diagnostic method that allows the diagnosing and monitoring
of inflammatory diseases, neoplasia and vascular malformations of the small intestine
Age-related changes in the mRNA levels of CYP1A1, CYP2B1/2 and CYP3A1 isoforms in rat small intestine
It has been established beyond doubt that, as well as the liver, the small intestine is an important site of first-pass metabolism of numerous drugs, food components and toxic xenobiotics. However, there is not much information available about age-dependent changes of intestinal biotransformation pathways. In the present paper, we evaluated the relationships between intestinal cytochrome P450 complex activity and the age of animals. The study was carried out on male Sprague鈥揇awley rats (n聽=聽5) from 5 age series: 0.5-, 2-, 4-, 20-, and 28 months old. Animals at every age series were divided into 4 groups: control and three groups of rats treated with the CYP450 specific inducers: phenobarbital, 尾-naphtoflavone and dexamethasone, respectively. RNA was isolated from intestinal mucosa, and then standard RT-PCR was used for the analysis of CYP1A1, CYP2B1/2 and CYP3A1 mRNA expression. Additionally, the activities of NADPH-cytochrome P450 and NADH-cytochrome b(5) reductases in the microsomal fraction were biochemically estimated. The constitutive intestinal CYP1A1 mRNA expression changes during maturation and aging. Inducibility of CYP1A1 gene was evident in intestinal mucosa at 2-, 4- and 20-month-old rats. A similar pattern of changes was observed for CYP2B1/2 isoforms. CYP3A1 mRNA expression was not detected in small intestine of 2-week-old rats. In matured rats, constitutive intestinal CYP3A1 expression was low, although after induction, significant increases in CYP3A1 mRNA amount were noted in aged individuals. Intestinal activity of both analyzed reductases was lowest in immature rats and highest in 28-month-old animals. In conclusion, the activity of cytochrome P450 complex in rat small intestine was not decreased by the aging processes, so the high rate of oxidative metabolic reactions in intestinal mucosa can be maintained till the advanced life stage