8 research outputs found

    La Mielog茅nesis : acci贸n concertada de la transferrina y la hormona tiroideas

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    In the central nervous system (CNS), Transferrin (Tf) and Thyroid Hormones (THs) promoted oligodendrocyte (OLG) maturation and myelination. Results from our laboratory suggested that Tf and THs could act together in the regulation of the above mentioned processes, given that THs modulated Tf expression and Tf might have effects on THs receptor alpha (TR?). In order to elucidate this potential interaction mechanism, we performed some in vivo experiments to test the combined effects of Tf and THs on myelination and on THs receptors (TRs) expression as well. Additionally, we used neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and analyzed the action of both factors acting together or individually on OLG maturation.\nOur in vivo results showed that apoTransferrin (aTf) and THs exerted individual positive effects on myelination. Furthermore, THs regulated Tf expression during the first two weeks of life and there was an interaction between both factors involving TRs since THs regulated TR? expression and Tf modulated TR? expression.\nThe in vitro experiments revealed that when Tf expression is knocked down OLG maturation was limited. Under these circumstances, THs partially promoted OLG maturation and when TR? was blocked, aTf was able to partially support OLG maturation. Tf knock down decreased TR? expression while aTf administration induced the contrary. At the same time, the treatment of CPNs with THs induced the increase of TR? expression and a premature increase of Tf expression which was abolished by blocking TR?.\nThese findings indicated that the combined actions of Tf and THs are required in order to achieve a proper OLG maturation and myelination; in addition the effects observed are the consequence of the crosstalk between the actions of both factors on OLG maturation. In agreement with this hypothesis, our results demonstrated that THs were capable of regulating Tf expression, which in turns exerted positive effects on OLG maturation and increased TR? expression as part of a feedback circuit, which together with THs effects mediated by TR? ensured the accomplishment of an adequate OLG maturation and myelination.Fil: Marziali, Leandro Nazareno. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu铆mica; ArgentinaEn el sistema nervioso central (SNC) la Transferrina (Tf) y las Hormonas Tiroideas (HTs) favorecen la maduraci贸n de los oligodendrocitos (OLGs) y la mielinizaci贸n. Resultados de nuestro laboratorio sugirieron que la Tf y las HTs, regular铆an en forma conjunta dichos procesos debido a que las HTs modulan la expresi贸n de la Tf mientras que esta 煤ltima tendr铆a efecto sobre la expresi贸n del receptor ? de las HTs (TR?). Para dilucidar este potencial mecanismo de interacci贸n realizamos experimentos in vivo en los que evaluamos la influencia combinada de la Tf y las HTs sobre la mielinizaci贸n as铆 como sobre los receptores de las HTs (TRs). Posteriormente utilizamos c茅lulas progenitoras neurales (CPNs) y analizamos la acci贸n de ambos factores en forma conjunta o individualmente sobre la maduraci贸n oligodendroglial.\nNuestros resultados in vivo, sugirieron que tanto la apoTransferrina (aTf) como las HTs ejerc铆an efectos positivos individuales sobre la mielinizaci贸n. Asimismo, las HTs regularon la expresi贸n de la Tf durante las primeras dos semanas de vida y exist贸 una interacci贸n entre ambos factores a nivel de los TRs debido a que las HTs regularon la expresi贸n del TR? mientras que la Tf regul贸 la expresi贸n del TR?.\nLos experimentos in vitro revelaron que el silenciamiento de la expresi贸n de la Tf condujo a una disminuci贸n de la maduraci贸n oligodendroglial. Bajo estas condiciones se observ贸 una p茅rdida parcial de la capacidad de las HTs de favorecer la maduraci贸n oligodendroglial conjuntamente con la disminuci贸n de la expresi贸n del TR?, efecto que se revierte por la adici贸n de apoTf. La inhibici贸n farmacol贸gica del TR? tambi茅n condujo a la disminuci贸n de la maduraci贸n oligodendroglial y adem谩s bloque贸 parcialmente la capacidad de la aTf de promover la diferenciaci贸n de los OLGs. El tratamiento de las CPNs con HTs indujo la expresi贸n del TR? y el incremento prematuro de la expresi贸n de la Tf el cual es abolido por la inhibici贸n del TR?.\nEstos hallazgos indicaron que las acciones combinadas de la Tf y las HTs son necesarias para que ocurran una adecuada maduraci贸n oligodendroglial y mielinizaci贸n. Estos efectos ser铆an consecuencia de la interacci贸n entre los efectos de la Tf y las HTs que asegurar铆an la progresi贸n del plan de maduraci贸n de los OLGs. En concordancia con la anterior hip贸tesis, nuestros resultados demostraron que las HTs son capaces de regular la expresi贸n de la Tf, la que a su vez ejerci贸 efectos positivos sobre la maduraci贸n oligodendroglial y aument贸 la expresi贸n del TR? conformando un circuito de retroalimentaci贸n, que sumado a los efectos de las HTs mediados por el TR? aseguraron que ocurra una adecuada maduraci贸n oligodendroglial

    Transferrin and thyroid hormone converge in the control of myelinogenesis

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    Myelination is a concerted mechanism tightly regulated in the brain. Although several factors are known to participate during this process, the complete sequence of events is far from being fully elucidated. Separate effects of apotransferrin (aTf) and thyroid hormone (TH) are well documented on rat myelin formation. TH promotes the maturation of oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPCs) into myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLGs), while aTf is able to induce the commitment of neural stem cells (NSCs) toward the oligodendroglial linage and favors OLG maturation. We have also demonstrated that Tf mRNA exhibited a seven-fold increase in hyperthyroid animals. These observations have led us to hypothesize that both factors may interplay during oligodendrogenesis. To assess the combined effects of aTf and TH on proper myelination in the rat brain, Tf expression and oligodendroglial maturation were evaluated at postnatal days 10 (P10) and 20 (P20) in several experimental groups. At P10, an up-regulation of both Tf mRNA and protein, as well as myelination, was found in hyperthyroid animals, while a decrease in Tf mRNA levels and myelin formation was detected in the hypothyroid group. At P20, no differences were found either in Tf mRNA or protein levels between hyperthyroid and control (Ctrol) rats, although differences in OLG differentiation remained. Also at P20, hypothyroid animals showed decreased Tf mRNA and protein levels accompanied with a less mature myelinating phenotype. Moreover, TH and aTf differentially regulate the expression of KLF9 transcription factor as well as TR伪 and TR尾 at P10 and P20.Our results suggest that TH is necessary early in OLG development for aTf action, as exogenous aTf administration was unable to counteract the effect of low TH levels in the hypothyroid state in all the time points analyzed. Furthermore, the fact that hyperthyroidism induced an increase in Tf expression and aTf-dependent regulation of TR伪 strongly suggests that Tf could be involved in some of TH later effects on OLG maturation. Here we describe the possible relationship between TH and aTf and its implication in oligodendrogenesis.Fil: Marziali, Leandro Nazareno. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Oficina de Coordinaci贸n Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu铆mica. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, Corina Ileana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu铆mica. Departamento de Farmacolog铆a; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pasquini, Juana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Oficina de Coordinaci贸n Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu铆mica. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas; Argentin

    Combination therapy of apo-transferrin and thyroid hormones enhances remyelination

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    The current study presents two different approaches with a view to elucidating the interaction between thyroid hormones (TH) and apo-transferrin (aTf) and their role in myelination and remyelination. First, in vitro assays were conducted to determine the single and combined effects of aTf and triiodothyronine (T3) on oligodendroglial cell lineage proliferation and oligodendrocyte (OLG) maturation in primary cultures. Results revealed higher proliferation rates upon single aTf treatment but Control values upon T3 and aTf + T3 treatments. In addition, both aTf and T3 accelerated OLG maturation, with the greatest effects being exerted by combined aTf + T3 administration in terms of both myelin basic protein (MBP) expression and morphological complexity. Second, in vivo assays were carried out to establish single and combined effects of aTf and T3, as well as TH receptor (THR) inhibitor I-850, on remyelination following a CPZ-induced demyelination protocol. Results showed an increase in myelin deposition and the number of mature remyelinating OLG upon single treatments, but a synergic effect upon combined aTf + T3 treatment which was prevented by THR inhibition. It may be thus concluded that combined treatment yielded the most beneficial effects on OLG maturation parameters in vitro and remyelinating capacity in vivo when compared to single treatments. These findings may help explore the development of new target molecules in the treatment of demyelinating diseases.Fil: Rosato Siri, Mar铆a Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Oficina de Coordinaci贸n Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu铆mica. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Oficina de Coordinaci贸n Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnolog铆a. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnolog铆a - Nodo Bariloche | Comisi贸n Nacional de Energ铆a At贸mica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnolog铆a. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnolog铆a - Nodo Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Marziali, Leandro Nazareno. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Oficina de Coordinaci贸n Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu铆mica. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas; ArgentinaFil: Mattera, Vanesa Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Oficina de Coordinaci贸n Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu铆mica. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas; ArgentinaFil: Correale, Jorge. Fundaci贸n para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurol贸gicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Pasquini, Juana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Oficina de Coordinaci贸n Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu铆mica. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas; Argentin

    La rosuvastatina aten煤a la progresi贸n de la estenosis a贸rtica generada por hipertensi贸n arterial, independientemente de sus efectos hipolipemiantes

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    Introducci贸n Existe evidencia epidemiol贸gica que vincula factores de riesgo cardiovascular con la estenosis valvular a贸rtica. Recientemente se ha demostrado el desarrollo de estenosis valvular a贸rtica en un modelo de hipertensi贸n arterial en animales. Planteamos la hip贸tesis de que el tratamiento con rosuvastatina modifica esta transformaci贸n. Objetivo Evaluar el efecto de la rosuvastatina sobre el desarrollo de estenosis valvular a贸rtica. Material y m茅todos Se instrumentaron conejos NZ machos (n = 43) con el modelo 1-ri帽贸n 1-clip de Goldblatt para generar hipertensi贸n arterial. Los animales fueron aleatorizados a: HT (n = 17) que no recibi贸 otro tratamiento, HT+R (n = 14) tratado con rosuvastatina 2,5 mg/kg/d铆a y HT+R+C (n = 12) tratado con rosuvastatina 2,5 mg/kg/d铆a + suplemento de colesterol diet茅tico para mantener los niveles basales de colesterol plasm谩tico. Un grupo control (GC) fue sometido a cirug铆a simulada (n = 15). Las caracter铆sticas de la v谩lvula a贸rtica se midieron por ecograf铆a en condiciones basales y a los 3 y a los 6 meses de hipertensi贸n arterial. Resultados A los 6 meses de seguimiento, los incrementos de PAS y PAD fueron m谩s elevados en HT (49% y 40%, respectivamente; p < 0,001) en comparaci贸n con los grupos tratados con rosuvastatina (PAS = 23% y 25%; PAD = 28% y 26%; p < 0,001 para HT+R y HT+R+C, respectivamente). El colesterol total se redujo el 45,7% (p < 0,01) s贸lo en HT+R. El espesor valvar se increment贸 en HT (0,50 卤 0,01 vs. 0,62 卤 0,02 mm; p < 0,01), sin mostrar diferencias en HT+R y HT+R+C. Finalmente, el 谩rea valvular a贸rtica mostr贸 una reducci贸n en HT (0,277 卤 0,024 vs. 0,208 卤 0,014 cm2; p < 0,05), sin cambios en HT+R y HT+R+C y un aumento no significativo en el GC (0,264 卤 0,022 vs. 0,32 卤 0,016 cm2; p = 0,07). Conclusiones La rosuvastatina aten煤a la progresi贸n de la estenosis valvular a贸rtica generada por hipertensi贸n arterial. Esta protecci贸n podr铆a ser mediada por efectos no hipolipemiantes de estas drogas

    Iron Availability Compromises Not Only Oligodendrocytes But Also Astrocytes and Microglial Cells

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    When disrupted, iron homeostasis negatively impacts oligodendrocyte (OLG) differentiation and impairs myelination. To better understand myelin formation and OLG maturation, in vivo and in vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of iron deficiency (ID) not only on OLG maturation but also on astrocytes (AST) and microglial cells (MG). In vivo experiments in an ID model were carried out to describe maturational events during OLG and AST development and the reactive profile of MG during myelination when iron availability is lower than normal. In turn, in vitro assays were conducted to explore proliferating and maturational states of each glial cell type derived from control or ID conditions. Studies targeted NG2, PDGFR伪, CNPAse, CC1, and MBP expression in OLG, GFAP and S100 expression in AST, and CD11b, ED1, and cytokine expression in MG, as well as BrDU incorporation in the three cell types. Our results show that ID affected OLG development at early stages, not only reducing their maturation capacity but also increasing their proliferation and affecting their morphological complexity. AST ID proliferated more than control ones and were more immature, much like OLG. Cytokine expression in ID animals reflected an anti-inflammatory state which probably influenced OLG maturation. These results show that ID conditions alter all glial cells and may impact myelin formation, which could be regulated by a mechanism involving a cross talk between AST, MG, and oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPC).Fil: Rosato Siri, Mar铆a Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Oficina de Coordinaci贸n Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu铆mica. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas; ArgentinaFil: Marziali, Leandro Nazareno. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Oficina de Coordinaci贸n Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu铆mica. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas; ArgentinaFil: Guitart, Mar铆a Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Oficina de Coordinaci贸n Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu铆mica. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas; ArgentinaFil: Badaracco, Mar铆a Elvira. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Oficina de Coordinaci贸n Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu铆mica. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas; ArgentinaFil: Puntel, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Oficina de Coordinaci贸n Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioqu铆micas de Buenos Aires. Fundaci贸n Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioqu铆micas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Pitossi, Fernando Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Oficina de Coordinaci贸n Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioqu铆micas de Buenos Aires. Fundaci贸n Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioqu铆micas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Correale, Jorge. Fundaci贸n para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurol贸gicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Pasquini, Juana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Oficina de Coordinaci贸n Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu铆mica. Instituto de Qu铆mica y F铆sico-Qu铆mica Biol贸gicas; Argentin

    A new mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2J neuropathy replicates human axonopathy and suggest alteration in axo-glia communication.

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    Myelin is essential for rapid nerve impulse propagation and axon protection. Accordingly, defects in myelination or myelin maintenance lead to secondary axonal damage and subsequent degeneration. Studies utilizing genetic (CNPase-, MAG-, and PLP-null mice) and naturally occurring neuropathy models suggest that myelinating glia also support axons independently from myelin. Myelin protein zero (MPZ or P0), which is expressed only by Schwann cells, is critical for myelin formation and maintenance in the peripheral nervous system. Many mutations in MPZ are associated with demyelinating neuropathies (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B [CMT1B]). Surprisingly, the substitution of threonine by methionine at position 124 of P0 (P0T124M) causes axonal neuropathy (CMT2J) with little to no myelin damage. This disease provides an excellent paradigm to understand how myelinating glia support axons independently from myelin. To study this, we generated targeted knock-in MpzT124M mutant mice, a genetically authentic model of T124M-CMT2J neuropathy. Similar to patients, these mice develop axonopathy between 2 and 12 months of age, characterized by impaired motor performance, normal nerve conduction velocities but reduced compound motor action potential amplitudes, and axonal damage with only minor compact myelin modifications. Mechanistically, we detected metabolic changes that could lead to axonal degeneration, and prominent alterations in non-compact myelin domains such as paranodes, Schmidt-Lanterman incisures, and gap junctions, implicated in Schwann cell-axon communication and axonal metabolic support. Finally, we document perturbed mitochondrial size and distribution along MpzT124M axons suggesting altered axonal transport. Our data suggest that Schwann cells in P0T124M mutant mice cannot provide axons with sufficient trophic support, leading to reduced ATP biosynthesis and axonopathy. In conclusion, the MpzT124M mouse model faithfully reproduces the human neuropathy and represents a unique tool for identifying the molecular basis for glial support of axons
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