Inoculação de Bradyrhizobium em soja por pulverização em cobertura

The objective of this work was to evaluate a Bradyrhizobium inoculation method on soybean by spraying inoculant over plants. An experiment was conducted in the Cerrado of Roraima. Treatments tested were: control without inoculation; standard inoculation method with two doses of inoculant per hectare applied on seeds; inoculation with threefold standard inoculation dose applied 18 days after plants emergence (DAE); fertilization with 200 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, without inoculation. The inoculation by spraying on covering increased nodulation and plant dry matter in the 45 and 60 DAE. It also increased significantly grain yield and N content, similarly to N fertilization treatment, and was superior to the control, and inferior to the standard inoculation related to grain yield.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar um método de inoculação de Bradyrhizobium em soja, por meio de pulverização em cobertura. Um experimento foi conduzido no Cerrado de Roraima com os tratamentos: controle sem inoculação; inoculação padrão com duas doses de inoculante comercial por hectare aplicadas às sementes; inoculação em cobertura, com o triplo da dose utilizada no padrão, 18 dias após a emergência das plantas (DAE); e adubação com 200 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio, sem inoculação. A inoculação em cobertura aumentou a nodulação e a matéria seca das plantas aos 45 e 60 DAE; proporcionou, também, produtividade de grãos e acúmulo de nitrogênio igual ao tratamento nitrogenado e foi superior ao controle. A inoculação em cobertura foi inferior ao padrão apenas na produtividade de grãos

Inoculação de Bradyrhizobium em soja por pulverização em cobertura Soybean inoculation by spraying Bradyrhizobium over plants

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar um método de inoculação de Bradyrhizobium em soja, por meio de pulverização em cobertura. Um experimento foi conduzido no Cerrado de Roraima com os tratamentos: controle sem inoculação; inoculação padrão com duas doses de inoculante comercial por hectare aplicadas às sementes; inoculação em cobertura, com o triplo da dose utilizada no padrão, 18 dias após a emergência das plantas (DAE); e adubação com 200 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio, sem inoculação. A inoculação em cobertura aumentou a nodulação e a matéria seca das plantas aos 45 e 60 DAE; proporcionou, também, produtividade de grãos e acúmulo de nitrogênio igual ao tratamento nitrogenado e foi superior ao controle. A inoculação em cobertura foi inferior ao padrão apenas na produtividade de grãos.The objective of this work was to evaluate a Bradyrhizobium inoculation method on soybean by spraying inoculant over plants. An experiment was conducted in the Cerrado of Roraima. Treatments tested were: control without inoculation; standard inoculation method with two doses of inoculant per hectare applied on seeds; inoculation with threefold standard inoculation dose applied 18 days after plants emergence (DAE); fertilization with 200 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, without inoculation. The inoculation by spraying on covering increased nodulation and plant dry matter in the 45 and 60 DAE. It also increased significantly grain yield and N content, similarly to N fertilization treatment, and was superior to the control, and inferior to the standard inoculation related to grain yield

Contribuição de estirpes de rizóbio para o desenvolvimento e produtividade de grãos de feijão-caupi em Roraima Contribution of rhizobia strains to cowpea development and grain yield in Roraima - Brazil

O estudo objetivou avaliar a contribuição da fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) promovida por estirpes de rizóbio para o desenvolvimento e rendimento de grãos do feijão-caupi em Roraima. Nos anos de 2005 e 2006 foram conduzidos experimentos em área de cerrado e mata alterada, onde foram testadas as estirpes INPA 03-11B, UFLA 3-84, BR3267 (recomendadas à cultura), a estirpe BR3299 e BR3262, duas doses de nitrogênio mineral (50 e 80 kg ha-1 de N) e um controle. As variáveis avaliadas foram: nodulação e produção de massa seca da parte aérea de plantas de feijão-caupi e, o rendimento de grãos na colheita. Na média geral, foi observado que a estirpe BR3262 proporcionou número e massa de nódulos significativamente maiores ao controle, ao passo que entre as estirpes recomendadas, isto só ocorreu de forma esporádica com INPA 03-11B e BR3267. Além disso, também foi observado que a população de rizóbio do solo foi determinante à nodulação das plantas dos experimentos. Comparativamente as demais estirpes, BR3262 juntamente com BR3267, proporcionaram maior efetividade na FBN à produção de massa seca da parte aérea. Em relação à produtividade de grãos, as estirpes BR3267 e INPA 03-11B apresentaram melhores resultadas comparadas a UFLA 3-84, entretanto, apenas a estirpe BR3262 proporcionou rendimento de grãos (na média geral cerca de 1700 kg ha-1) igual à dose de 50 kg ha-1 de N e superior ao controle em três dos quatro experimentos conduzidos, mostrando ser a mais indicada para a inoculação do feijão-caupi em Roraima.<br>The study aimed to evaluate the contribution of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), promoted by rhizobium strains, to development and grain yield of cowpea in Roraima. In the years 2005 and 2006 experiments were performed in cerrado and mata alterada areas, where were tested the strains INPA 03-11B, UFLA 3-84, BR3267 (recommended to the cowpea), the strains BR3299 and BR3262, two mineral nitrogen doses (50 and 80 kg ha-1 of N) and a control. The analyzed variables were: nodulation and cowpea plants dry matter production, and the grain yield in the harvest. It was observed, in the mean, that BR3262 strain provided a number and nodule dry mass significantly larger than the control, while among the recommended strains, this only occurred in a sporadic form with INPA 03-11B and BR3267. Besides, it was also observed that soil rhizobium population was determinant to plants nodulation in the experiments. Comparatively to the other strains, BR3262 together with BR3267, provided superior effectiveness in BNF to plant dry mass production. In relation to grain yield, the strain BR3267 and INPA 03-11B presented better resulted compared to UFLA 3-84, however, just the strains BR3262 provided grain yield (in the mean about 1700 kg h-1), equal to 50 kg ha-1 N dose and superior to the control in three of the four experiments performed, showing to be most suitable for cowpea inoculation in Roraima

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)