PRODUÇÃO MINERAL NO ESTADO DO PARÁ E REFLEXOS NA (RE)PRODUÇÃO DA MISÉRIA: Barcarena, Marabá e Parauapebas

O trabalho mostra que no contexto da crise capitalista, o capital intensifica sua exploração sobre os países e regiõescom abundantes recursos naturais, essenciais à acumulação capitalista. Aponta grandes projetos mínero-metalúrgicoscomo instrumentos privilegiados dessa exploração que produz custos socioambientais de grandes proporções. Enfatizaque espaços como a Amazônia brasileira e nela, como caso emblemático, o Estado do Pará destaca-se pela produçãomineral, mas também pela produção de riqueza, de desigualdades sociais e pela má distribuição de renda. Destaca 03(três) municípios paraenses onde a apropriação privada das riquezas produzidas socialmente se encontra na raiz daprodução e reprodução de expressões da “questão social” na região.Palavras-chave: Amazônia, grandes projetos, desigualdades sociais.MINERAL PRODUCTION IN THE STATE OF THE PARÁ AND REFLEXES IN THE (CRIMINAL) PRODUCTION OF THEMISERY: Barcarena, Marabá and ParauapebasAbstract: In the context of the capitalist crisis, the capital intensifies its exploitation of countries and regions with abundantnatural resources essential to the capitalist accumulation. It points out great Mining-metallurgical Projects as privilegedinstruments of this exploitation, which produces socioenvironmental costs of great proportions. It emphasizes that spaceslike the Brazilian Amazon region and inside it, as an emblematic case, the State of Pará is distinguished for the productionof wealth – for mineral production, regardless of its social unequalities and bad distribution of income. This researchfocuses 03 (three) municipalities from Pará in which private appropriation of the riches produced socially resides in the rootof the production and reproduction of expressions of the “social question”.Key words: Amazon, large projects, social inequalities

Anti‑EpCAM antibodies for detection of metastatic carcinoma in effusions and peritoneal wash

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) has been used as diagnostic/prognostic marker and therapeutic target. The aim of the present study was to compare immunoreactivity of antibodies against distinct epitopes in the ectodomain of EpCAM for detection of carcinoma from different primary sites and of different histological types in effusions and peritoneal wash. Two antibodies against epitopes in the EGF‑like domain I (clones Moc‑31 and Ber‑EP4) and one antibody against the epitope in the cysteine‑poor region (158210) of EpCAM were used (all commercially available). Independently of the clone used, EpCAM overexpression was observed in almost all samples when all the adenocarcinoma samples were analyzed together. By using Moc‑31, EpCAM overexpression was observed in all samples of adenocarcinoma. Absence of EpCAM overexpression was observed in a few adenocarcinoma samples at some sites of tumor origin, including ovary, breast and stomach, when Ber‑EP4 and 158210 were used. Regarding carcinomas aside from adenocarcinomas, histological types, such as squamous cell, urothelial and small cell carcinoma showed different degrees of EpCAM expression according to the antibody used. In squamous cell carcinoma, overexpression was observed only with the clone 158210. It was concluded that, overall, most samples of metastatic carcinoma from effusions showed overexpression of EpCAM. However, there are significant variations in its detection according to the primary site, histological type of the carcinoma and depending on the antibody used. Thus, the use of more than one type of anti‑EpCAM antibody would increase the chance of its detection in metastatic carcinoma effusion