Dupuytren\u27s Disease

Dupuytren\u27s disease (DD) is a chronic condition in which fibrosis of tissue beneath the palm of the hand occurs. Causes and mechanisms of this disease\u27s development are still not entirely understood. However, symptoms and the negative impact on individuals\u27 quality of life are evident. While existing therapies for DD have been established to prevent and slow its progression, further research is needed to effectively address it on a wider scale

Human Migration and Health: A Case Study of the Chinese Rural-to-Urban Migrant Population

Human migration is a complex, ancient process driven by a variety of social, political, and economic factors. Modern migrants and their families are often compelled to migrate voluntarily in pursuit of new opportunities for study or work and, in extreme circumstances, involuntarily for safety and survival. Chinese domestic migrant populations were mobilized with China’s early 1980s economic reform, which enabled rapid economic development largely dependent on urban factories. While this massive influx of young people predominantly from rural locales to urban locales seeking opportunity enabled China’s rise as a world power, their move not only marked changing internal labor patterns but also shifts in population health. Chinese domestic migrants are often required to send money and other resources home, maintaining limited and not returning home for extended periods of time. Temporary displacement and associated stressors, such as sociocultural differences, levels of discrimination, family-related stress, and work-related stress, negatively impact various aspects of health. For instance, mental health is adversely affected, most often manifesting as major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. These changes not only impair migrants’ overall health and quality of life but also influence larger social phenomena that undermine societal stability. These reviewed findings reflect a need for more research about this population and greater systemic changes to improve life for all Chinese citizens

Poisson point process models solve the "pseudo-absence problem" for presence-only data in ecology

Presence-only data, point locations where a species has been recorded as being present, are often used in modeling the distribution of a species as a function of a set of explanatory variables---whether to map species occurrence, to understand its association with the environment, or to predict its response to environmental change. Currently, ecologists most commonly analyze presence-only data by adding randomly chosen "pseudo-absences" to the data such that it can be analyzed using logistic regression, an approach which has weaknesses in model specification, in interpretation, and in implementation. To address these issues, we propose Poisson point process modeling of the intensity of presences. We also derive a link between the proposed approach and logistic regression---specifically, we show that as the number of pseudo-absences increases (in a regular or uniform random arrangement), logistic regression slope parameters and their standard errors converge to those of the corresponding Poisson point process model. We discuss the practical implications of these results. In particular, point process modeling offers a framework for choice of the number and location of pseudo-absences, both of which are currently chosen by ad hoc and sometimes ineffective methods in ecology, a point which we illustrate by example.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOAS331 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

DPOAE assessment of cochlear function in tinnitus subjects with normal hearing sensitivity

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-50).Tinnitus, the perception of sound in the absence of an external acoustic source, disrupts the daily life of 1 out of every 200 adults, yet its physiological basis remains largely a mystery. While tinnitus and hearing loss (i.e., elevated pure tone thresholds) commonly co-occur, many people without hearing loss experience tinnitus, raising the question of whether cochlear pathology is always a prerequisite for this percept. This study used distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) to evaluate the cochlear amplifier of 13 tinnitus subjects and 13 non-tinnitus subjects (matched by age, sex, and audiogram) across a broad range of frequencies and intensities. DPOAE magnitudes were measured for at least 52 frequencies (500 Hz <f2 5 8 kHz, with f2ff=1.2) and nine intensities (20 dB < L2 5 60 dB, with L, = 39 + 0.4L2) in each ear. Further, this study only considered ears with normal audiograms and unremarkable history so that any abnormal findings could not be attributed large-scale hair cell damage within the cochlea. Consistent differences in the shape of the DP-gram (DPOAE magnitude as a function of presentation frequency, f2) were found in tinnitus subjects. A quantitative method for assessing DP-gram shape was developed, and statistical analyses were performed to determine whether tinnitus or other patient characteristics correlated with the abnormal DP-gram shape. The data collected in this study suggest peripheral auditory malfunction in tinnitus subjects with normal audiograms.by Leah C. Acker.S.M

Governments who push popular climate policies can be punished at the ballot box by local and vocal minorities

While the majority of the public typically supports environmental policies, if the costs fall on local groups with projects in their backyards, they often resist. In new research that uses Ontario, Canada as a case study, Leah C. Stokes examines how small groups are able to mobilize politically to oppose the location of new wind turbines. She finds that the provincial governing party responsible for introducing wind energy policy lost between 4 and 10 percent of their vote share in areas where turbines were located. She argues that policymakers need to engage citizens more during renewable energy project development to build their support and to minimize potential political barriers

Research Methods

In this comic, the student reflects on the process of writing a “literature review,” a requirement for a course taught by Dean Scheibel called “Introduction of Research in Communication Studies.” The comics were created by students as a final course assignment. Students were instructed to create comics using photographs, drawings, or a computer program called Comic Life 3. The idea of reflection is important in education. These comics could be viewed as a response to reflective learning (or metacognition) about the idea of the literature review, or “research as inquiry.” Through reflection on what we do, we learn more deeply about our everyday experiences of life, death, love, God, and even literature reviews. Although “comix” have been the objects of critique by academics, these comics subject the work of the academy—the faculty member as teacher—to critique. Research is a process, and by having students reflect on the fears, errors, or mistakes made during that process they will experience new insights and discoveries

Open wounds, shrunk...but wounds still: Mental Illness in the Life and Literature of F. Scott Fitzgerald

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s marriage to Zelda Sayre, in 1920, united two exceptionally talented and creative individuals, both suffering from mental illnesses. Zelda’s psychotic breakdown in 1930 had a traumatic effect on Fitzgerald, but it also caused him to refocus and finish his novel Tender Is the Night (1934). Her breakdown also inspired him to examine his own breakdowns and write his essay “The Crack-Up” (1936). This essay about his mental breakdown follows in the confessional literary tradition. Along with Fitzgerald’s note-books, letters, and other essays, “The Crack-Up” functions as a primary source from which to gain insight into Fitzgerald’s alcoholism and mood disorder. Tender Is the Night is also confessional and functions as a masked memoir. In the novel, Dick Diver resembles Fitzgerald with his own drinking problem and fluctuating moods. Moreover, Nicole Diver’s mental illness resembles Zelda’s (although Nicole’s schizophrenia is misdiagnosed). Ultimately, F. Scott Fitzgerald’s personal life profoundly influenced his literature. He suffered psychological wounds, and he wrote in order to make sense of those wounds and to try to heal them. Yet, his writing goes beyond catharsis in the way it documents the human condition

T he Effects of Loose Parts and Nature-Based Play on Creativity in the Montessori Early Childhood (3-6 year old) Classroom

The purpose of this research was to determine if the addition of natural loose parts, or manipulatives, to the outdoor play yard would increase creativity in the classroom. This study took place in a private Montessori school with 14 children ages 3 to 6 years old over a five-week period. Various methods were used to gather information to determine any change in creativity. Observations of creative behaviors, concentration (state of flow), and spontaneous collaboration were collected as well as drawing tests for creative thinking, and samples of creative writing and artwork. The results of the study found that the loose parts did not increase creativity in the classroom. However, the addition of the loose parts did correlate with an increase in collaboration, imaginative play and a possible increase in concentration. Suggestions for further research include extending the amount of time the study took place, and focusing on one age rather than a mixed aged grouping

A Tale of Two Theories of Well-Known Marks

The well-known marks doctrine presents a conundrum in international trademark law. Although protecting foreign well-known trademarks has been a treaty obligation since 1925, courts around the world, and in the United States and China in particular, do not uniformly apply the doctrine. This lack of uniform protection leads to the question of whether these countries are complying with their international obligations. While brand owners and some commentators would answer this question in the negative, this Article provides a different perspective. This Article offers an alternative approach to answering the compliance question: Before considering the question, one must examine the perspective from which compliance is being assessed. This analysis is important because the perception of compliance depends on the theoretical perspective from which these well-known marks cases are viewed. These theoretical perspectives have thus far been unrecognized, and this Article attempts to bring them to light. In so doing, this Article provides a more nuanced approach to analyze the compliance question, which can ultimately assist in providing better answers