1,074 research outputs found
Narrative Health Communication and Behavior Change: The Influence of Exemplars in the News on Intention to Quit Smoking.
This study investigated psychological mechanisms underlying the effect of narrative health communication on behavioral intention. Specifically, the study examined how exemplification in news about successful smoking cessation affects recipients\u27 narrative engagement, thereby changing their intention to quit smoking. Nationally representative samples of U.S. adult smokers participated in 2 experiments. The results from the 2 experiments consistently showed that smokers reading a news article with an exemplar experienced greater narrative engagement compared to those reading an article without an exemplar. Those who reported more engagement were in turn more likely to report greater smoking cessation intentions
Pairwise sums in colourings of the reals
Suppose that we have a finite colouring of R. What sumset-type structures can we hope to find in some colour class? One of our aims is to show that there is such a colouring for which no uncountable set has all of its pairwise sums monochromatic. We also show that there is such a colouring such that there is no infinite set X with X + X (the pairwise sums from X, allowing repetition) monochromatic. These results assume CH. In the other direction, we show that if each colour class is measurable, or each colour class is Baire, then there is an infinite set X (and even an uncountable X, of size the reals) with X + X monochromatic. We also give versions for all of these results for k-wise sums in place of pairwise sums
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Mapping solar irradiance within Schrödinger Basin for future robotic sample return missions
The US National Research Council (NRC) identified eight scientific concepts and thirty-five prioritized investigations to be addressed with continued lunar exploration. These objectives are broadly consistent with those identified throughout the international community. the majority of these objectives require sample return from the Moon. Schrödinger basin has been highlighted as a particularly attractive location to find suitable samples
An approach to NLO QCD analysis of the semi-inclusive DIS data with modified Jacobi polynomial expansion method
It is proposed the modification of the Jacobi polynomial expansion method
(MJEM) which is based on the application of the truncated moments instead of
the full ones. This allows to reconstruct with a high precision the local quark
helicity distributions even for the narrow accessible for measurement Bjorken
region using as an input only four first moments extracted from the data in
NLO QCD. It is also proposed the variational (extrapolation) procedure allowing
to reconstruct the distributions outside the accessible Bjorken region
using the distributions obtained with MJEM in the accessible region. The
numerical calculations encourage one that the proposed variational
(extrapolation) procedure could be applied to estimate the full first
(especially important) quark moments
Knowledge and attitudes about the use of pangolin scale products in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) within China
1. All eight pangolin species are threatened with extinction, largely through demand
for their products including scales, meat and body parts. The demand for pangolin
scales has gained attention from many conservation groups due to the large volumes involved in illegal trade. Market demand in China is one of the major drivers
for international illegal trade according to confiscation reports, and many conservation interventions have been attempted to reduce this demand.
2. The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) community plays a key role in regulating
legal trade and combating illegal trade in pangolin scales. However, this community has been largely overlooked by previous conservation interventions directed
at the pangolin scale trade. There has also been little research into the involvement of the TCM community in pangolin scale trade in China.
3. To fill these knowledge gaps, we interviewed TCM doctors from 41 hospitals, shop
owners/assistants from 90 TCM shops, two TCM wholesalers, and 2,168 members
of the general public in Henan and Hainan provinces, China. Respondents' knowledge of and attitudes towards the pangolin scale trade were investigated using
semi-structured and structured questionnaires, with a total of 2,301 respondents.
4. Our results show that TCM practitioners generally have poor awareness of the illegal nature of their behaviours and pangolin scale products involved. Awareness is
particularly poor among participants at the end of the trade chain (i.e. end sellers).
The public also generally lacked understanding of pangolin products in markets.
5. Results also show that 20 (71%) of 28 doctors believed that the use of pangolin scales
in at least some, if not all, treatments could be substituted by other ingredients.
6. These findings suggest that raising awareness of the legality of pangolin scale products and petitioning TCM communities to use alternative substitutes for these products could constitute feasible and effective pangolin conservation interventions.
7. This study provides the first insights into the knowledge of and attitudes towards
the pangolin scale trade from the perspective of TCM practitioners, and suggests
that collaborating with the TCM community is necessary to combat this illegal trade
Exploitation histories of pangolins and endemic pheasants on Hainan Island, China: baselines and shifting social norms
Overexploitation is a critical threat to the survival of many species. The global demand for wildlife products has attracted considerable research attention, but regional species exploitation histories are more rarely investigated. We interviewed 169 villagers living around seven terrestrial nature reserves on Hainan Island, China, with the aim of reconstructing historical patterns of hunting and consumption of local wildlife, including the globally threatened Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) and Hainan peacock-pheasant (Polyplectron katsumatae), from the mid-20th century onwards. We aimed to better understand the relationship between these past activities and current consumption patterns. Our findings suggest that eating pangolin meat was not a traditional behaviour in Hainan, with past consumption prohibited by local myths about pangolins. In contrast, local consumption of peacock-pheasant meat was a traditional activity. However, later attitudes around hunting pangolins and peacock-pheasants in Hainan were influenced by pro-hunting policies and a state-run wildlife trade from the 1960s to the 1980s. These new social norms still shape the daily lifestyles and perceptions of local people towards wildlife consumption in Hainan today. Due to these specific historical patterns of wildlife consumption, local-adapted interventions such as promoting substitute meat choices and alternative livelihoods might be effective at tackling local habits of consuming wild meat. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the local historical contexts of wildlife use for designing appropriate conservation strategies
Determination of polarized parton distribution functions with recent data on polarization asymmetries
Global analysis has been performed within the next-to-leading order in
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) to determine polarized parton distributions with
new experimental data in spin asymmetries. The new data set includes JLab,
HERMES, and COMPASS measurements on spin asymmetry A_1 for the neutron and
deuteron in lepton scattering. Our new analysis also utilizes the double-spin
asymmetry for pi^0 production in polarized pp collisions, A_{LL}^{pi^0},
measured by the PHENIX collaboration. Because of these new data, uncertainties
of the polarized PDFs are reduced. In particular, the JLab, HERMES, and COMPASS
measurements are valuable for determining Delta d_v(x) at large x and Delta
qbar(x) at x~0.1. The PHENIX pi^0 data significantly reduce the uncertainty of
Delta g(x). Furthermore, we discuss a possible constraint on Delta g(x) at
large x by using the HERMES data on g_1^d in comparison with the COMPASS ones
at x~0.05.Comment: 11 pages, REVTeX, 13 eps files, Phys. Rev. D in pres
Intrinsic parton motion soft mechanisms and the longitudinal spin asymmetry A_LL in high energy pp -> pi X
The longitudinal double spin asymmetry A_LL in the reaction pp --> pi X has
been measured at RHIC with extremely interesting consequences. If the gluon
polarization in a proton were as big as needed to resolve the famous "spin
crisis" then A_LL would be large and positive. Latest RHIC results indicate
that A_LL is small and disfavour large positive values of the gluon
polarization. We examine whether the soft mechanisms (Collins, Sivers,
Boer-Mulders), essential for generating transverse single spin asymmetries,
have any significant influence on A_LL, and whether they could alter the
conclusion that the gluon polarization is necessarily small. It turns out that
the contribution from these effects is essentially negligible.Comment: RevTeX, 9 pages, 3 eps figures. Revised and shortened version; title
slightly modified; figs. 3,4 removed; a new figure for the unpol. cross
section added; no changes in results and conclusions; matches the published
versio
Sum rules for spin asymmetries
Starting from rotational invariance we derive sum rules for the single-spin
asymmetries in inclusive production and binary processes. We also get sum rules
for spin correlation parameters in elastic pp-scattering.Comment: 4 page
Leptoproduction of charm revisited
We calculate the energy--momentum distribution of the charmed quarks produced
in neutrino reactions on protons, quantifying the importance of mass and
current non--conservation effects. We study the strange and charm distributions
probed in neutrino interactions in the presently accessible kinematical region.
Some ambiguities inherent to the extraction of the parton densities from dimuon
data are pointed out.Comment: 9 pages, DFTT 72/9
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