Batch fabrication of micro-coils for MR spectroscopy on silicon

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Effects of temperature at constant air dew point on leaf carboxylation efficiency and CO 2 compensation point of different leaf types

The effect of temperature on photosynthesis at constant water-vapor pressure in the air was investigated using two sclerophyll species, Arbutus unedo and Quercus suber , and one mesophytic species, Spinacia oleracea . Photosynthesis and transpiration were measured over a range of temperatures, 20–39° C. The external concentration of CO 2 was varied from 340 μbar to near CO 2 compensation. The initial slope (carboxylation efficiency, CE) of the photosynthetic response to intercellular CO 2 concentration, the CO 2 compensation point (Γ), and the extrapolated rate of CO 2 released into CO 2 -free air ( R i ) were calculated. At an external CO 2 concentration of 320–340 μbar CO 2 , photosynthesis decreased with temperature in all species. The effect of temperature on Γ was similar in all species. While CE in S. oleracea changed little with temperature, CE decreased by 50% in Q. suber as temperature increased from 25 to 34° C. Arbutus unedo also exhibited a decrease in CE at higher temperatures but not as marked as Q. suber . The absolut value of R i increased with temperature in S. oleracea , while changing little or decreasing in the sclerophylls. Variations in Γ and R i of the sclerophyll species are not consistent with greater increase of respiration with temperature in the light in these species compared with S. oleracea .Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47470/1/425_2004_Article_BF00397389.pd

Modelling the contribution of the Big Five personality traits, health anxiety, and COVID-19 psychological distress to generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic

In the current study we sought to extend our understanding of vulnerability and protective factors (the Big Five personality traits, health anxiety, and COVID-19 psychological distress) in predicting generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (n = 502), who were United States residents, completed a variety of sociodemographic questions and the following questionnaires: Big Five Inventory‐10 (BFI-10), Whitley Index 7 (WI-7), Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C19-ASS), and Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS). Results showed that extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness were negatively correlated with generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms and that neuroticism, health anxiety and both measures of COVID-19 psychological distress were positively correlated with generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms. We used path analysis to determine the pattern of relationships specified by the theoretical model we proposed. Results showed that health anxiety, COVID-19 anxiety, and the COVID-19 anxiety syndrome partially mediated the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms. Specifically, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were negatively associated with the three mediators, which, in turn, were positively associated with generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms, with COVID-19 anxiety showing the strongest effect. Conversely, neuroticism and openness were positively associated with COVID-19 anxiety and the COVID-19 anxiety syndrome, respectively. These relationships were independent of age, gender, employment status and risk status. The model accounted for a substantial variance of generalised anxiety and depression symptoms (R2 = .75). The implications of these findings are discussed

The economic value of environmental data: A notional insurance scheme for the European anchovy

Trabajo presentado en el Ecological Basis of Risk Analysis for Marine Ecosystems Symposium, celebrado en Porvoo (Finlandia) del 2 al 4 de junio de 2014.Vídeo de la comunicación disponible en: https://youtu.be/8LOcP6ZLTqsTo explain atypical events in anchovy population dynamics in the Gulf of Cadiz, it is crucial to consider environmental processes in a different way from how these are traditionally included in stock-recruitment relationships. In the Gulf of Cádiz, sea surface temperature, intense easterlies and discharges from the Guadalquivir river have been identified as key factors determining anchovy's early life stage mortality. We have constructed an environment-based recruitment model that estimates abundance of juveniles, as well as crucial parameters for the fishery such as natural and fishing mortality. There are few estimates for these parameters in the Gulf of Cádiz because of the lack of reliable information in contrast to other anchovy fisheries. Bayesian state-space models enable estimation of parameters with fewer data than non-Bayesian approaches because they allow the incorporation of prior knowledge. We are able to evaluate how modelling environment-based recruitment affects stock assessment and how responding to environmental information can benefit fisheries management. Further, by simulating a notional insurance scheme we are able to measure the value of using environmental information within a specific management regime defined by a harvest control rule. The main questions are whether incorporating the knowledge of environment in the management of anchovies in the Gulf of Cádiz is likely to reduce the volatility of the population dynamics of Anchovy and how this could benefit the commercial fishery andecosystem management.N

The economic value of environmental data: a notional insurance scheme for the European anchovy

Anchovy population dynamics in the Gulf of Cádiz are governed by environmental processes. Sea surface temperature, intense easterly winds, and discharges from the Guadalquivir River have been identified as key factors determining early life stage mortality in this anchovy stock. We have constructed an environment-based recruitment model that simulates the abundance of juveniles under alternative parameters representing plausible biological hypotheses. We are able to evaluate how modelling environment-based recruitment can affect stock assessment and how responding to environmental information can benefit fishery management to allow greater average catch levels through the application of harvest control rules (HCRs) based on environmental conditions. While the environment-based rules generally increase allowable catch levels the variance in catch levels also increases, detracting from the improved value based only on average yield. In addition to changes in revenue, the probability of stock collapse is also reduced by using environmental factors in HCRs. To assess the value of these management systems we simulate a notional insurance scheme, which applies a value to both average yields and uncertainty. The value of the information-driven rules can be determined by comparing the relevant premiums payable for equal levels of insurance cover on revenue within each specific management regime. We demonstrate the net value of incorporating environmental factors in the management of anchovies in the Gulf of Cádiz despite the increased variability in revenue. This could be an effective method to describe outcomes for both commercial fisheries and ecosystem management policies, and as a guide to management of other species whose dynamics are predictable based on in-season observations.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 244706/ECOKNOWS project. However, the paper does not necessarily reflect EC views and in no way anticipates the Commission's future policy in the area. M.M.R. was funded by P09-RNM-5358 of the Junta de Andalucía and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-KBBE-2013) under grant agreement 613571/MAREFRAME project.Peer reviewe

Cellulose digestion in Monochamus marmorator Kby. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): Role of acquired fungal enzymes

Larvae of the balsam fir sawyer, Monochamus marmorator Kby. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), contain midgut digestive enzymes active against hemicellulose and cellulose. Cellulases from larvae fed on balsam fir wood infected with the fungus, Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (Deuteromycetes, Moniliales, Moniliaceae), were found to be identical to those of the cellulase complex produced by this fungus when compared using chromatography, electrophoresis, and isofocusing. When larvae are maintained on a fungus-free diet, their midgut fluids lack cellulolytic activity, and they are unable to digest cellulose. Cellulolytic capacity can be restored by feeding the larvae wood permeated by fungi. We conclude that the enzymes which enable M. marmorator larvae to digest cellulose are not produced by the larvae. Instead, the larvae acquire the capacity to digest cellulose by ingesting active fungal cellulases while feeding in fungus-infected wood.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44873/1/10886_2005_Article_BF01638996.pd