Accessing Grey Literature in Public Health: New York Academy of Medicine's Grey Literature Report

The New York Academy of Medicine's Grey Literature Report was first published in 1999 when it began as a way to serve the needs of the Academy's internal researchers for material published via non-traditional publication channels. Over the years, however, the popularity of the Report has led to the establishment of a subscriber list of over 200 readers who receive the Report via e-mail. The Report is currently published quarterly in an electronic format. The subject areas of The Grey Literature Report include public health, health and science policy, and health of minorities and special populations, including children, women, and the elderly. Two Academy librarians scan publications pages of organizations to locate and evaluate recent output in the form of case studies, conference proceedings, discussion papers, fact sheets, issue briefs, government documents, research reports, and white papers. Organizations are identified through current awareness sites, staff referrals, and serendipitous reading. Scanned organizations include government agencies, non-governmental organizations, universities, research centers, and some international organizations. The Report includes only English language material. The final task in the production process of the report is to add the bibliographic information including the web address of each document to the Academy's content management system which produces the web version of the Report. This data entry is performed in our Technical Services department. Grey literature items are cataloged into the library's online catalog, OCLC and some to the National Library of Medicine's LocatorPlus system as well as PubMed. Over 65% of the grey literature items added to OCLC are unique according to 2003 data. Currently, two catalogers and two technical services assistants input bibliographical information (title, author, organization, etc.) and assign subject headings to each record. In addition, the electronic link and the full table of contents, when available, are added. In this paper we delve more deeply into the production of the Grey Literature Report, including the contract that the New York Academy of Medicine Library has with the National Library of Medicine. We will discuss the problems encountered with the current system of production, such as lack of persistent URLS and the possible ways of solving these. In the fall of 2003 the library conducted a survey of the 200 plus subscribers to the quarterly report. We will discuss the results of the survey and also look to the future in order to identify new directions for the Report.Includes: Conference preprint, Powerpoint presentation, Abstract and Biographical notes, Pratt student commentaryXAInternationa

Global Grey Literature in Health: Identification, Preservation, and Sustainability

The New York Academy of Medicine Library has been aggregating grey literature in public and global health since 1999. The Grey Literature Report's primary focus has been on the United States with a rapidly growing interest in the more global environment. NYAM has a growing interest in expanding the global perspective of the report which is motivated by: *) An increased capacity to identify information produced in the global world by NGOs and international agencies as a result of the engagement of the world in technology. *) A common concern in sharing best practices and lessons learned via the dissemination of information that is often hard to find. *) A recognition that the capture of this information and the preservation of it, whether print or digital, may, in many cases, be the only record of documents in the future. *) A benefit to developing transparency of grey literature as an "added value" to research in health, and particularly global urban, public, environmental, and social health. *) An alignment with the mission and interests of NYAM. This paper will outline the specific steps NYAM is taking to broaden the coverage of the Grey Literature Report to represent undeveloped countries. We will begin with a focus on the countries of the southern hemisphere. It is in these countries where health issues are critical to future development. Since many of these countries do not have stable municipal infrastructures that allow for traditional approaches to literature identification, aggregation, and dissemination, NYAM will be developing strategies to identify grey literature in many different ways. We will document our approaches to these new geographic areas; how we identified where to begin; the analysis of what we needed to do; and the steps we took to implement our plan of work. We will share the workflow that we create from these strategies and the results- both successes and disappointments, which may develop from these approaches into our newly expanded geographic focus.Includes: Conference preprint, Powerpoint presentation, Abstract and Biographical notes, Pratt student commentaryXAInternationa

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field