Postprandial Triglycerides, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation

Among the most common non-communicable diseases are obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, which are responsible for the major cardiometabolic phenotypes. Together with mitochondrial alterations, oxidative stress and inflammation are key molecular mechanisms that contribute to the onset and development of these conditions. Meal consumption is a recurring daily activity that is directly linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. Acute increases in lipids, notably triglycerides, during the postabsorptive period have been suggested to induce a state of inflammation with stimulation of adhesion molecules, cytokines, oxidative stress, and leukocyte activation. Not only lipids but also meal-induced elevations in glucose have also been linked to postprandial oxidative stress and inflammation. The impact of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia on oxidative stress and inflammation is not only independent but may be cumulative. It is our hypothesis that, in a system that could not maintain homeostasis to continuous changes of the environment, repeated exposures to meals that provide modest doses of fat and glucose could potentially elicit abnormal responses that contribute to the onset and development of chronic cardiometabolic phenotypes

Growth Strategy with social Capital and Physical Capital- Theory and Evidence: the Case of Vietnam

URL des Documents de travail : http://ces.univ-paris1.fr/cesdp/cesdp2014.htmlDocuments de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2014.45 - ISSN : 1955-611XWe study the impact of social capital in both simple theoretical and empirical model with the main assumption is the price of physical capital is a decreasing function of social capital. In our theoretical model, there exists a critical value such that firm will not invest in social capital if its saving is lower than the critical value and otherwise. Moreover, the output depends positively and non-linearly on the social capital. Our empirical model that captures the impact of physical capital, human capital, and social capital using the database from Survey of Small and Medium Scale Manufacturing Enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam 2011, confirms the conclusions of the theoretical model.Dans ce papier, nous étudions l'impact du capital social dans un modèle simple à la fois théorique et empirique. L'hypothèse cruciale est que le coût du capital physique, grâce aux contacts sociaux diminue par rapport aux dépenses en capital social. Dans le modèle théorique, nous montrons qu'il existe un seuil critique de l'épargne destinée aux dépenses en capital social. Les firmes dont l'épargne est inférieur à ce seuil ne vont pas investir en capital social. Nous montrons de plus que les productions dépendent positivement des dépenses en capital social. Les résultats du modèle empirique, en utilisant les données de Survey of Small and Medium Scale Manufacturing Enterprises du Vietnam de l'année 2011, confirment les résultats du modèle théorique

Cardiovascular Complications in CKD Patients: Role of Oxidative Stress

Starting with the early stages, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience higher burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, CVD complications are the major cause of mortality in CKD patients as compared with complications from chronic kidney failure. While traditional CVD risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, physical inactivity, may be more prevalent among CKD patients, these factors seem to underestimate the accelerated cardiovascular disease in the CKD population. Search for additional biomarkers that could explain the enhanced CVD risk in CKD patients has gained increasing importance. Although it is unlikely that any single nontraditional risk factor would fully account for the increased CVD risk in individuals with CKD, oxidative stress appears to play a central role in the development and progression of CVD and its complications. We will review the data that support the contribution of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CVD in patients with chronic kidney failure

Acute Changes in Lipoprotein-Associated Oxidative Stress

As inflammatory and oxidative stress are associated with cardiometabolic diseases, detection of abnormal fasting levels of inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers are indicative disease presence and may be too late for any preventive management. Metabolic flexibility refers to the ability of various metabolic processes to compensate for these acute changes and return all metabolites to baseline levels. By monitoring responses of key biomarkers to a standardized physiologic challenge, it is possible to assess the ability of the body to restore homeostasis, that is a measure of metabolic flexibility. Acute changes in lipoprotein-associated biomarkers of oxidative stress have been demonstrated following meal consumption. These include changes in circulating levels of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL), levels of autoantibodies to malondialdehyde-modified LDL, as well as the oxidative susceptibility of isolated plasma LDL. These responses depend on the type and amount of dietary fats in the meal. Management with certain lipid-lowering drugs could also be shown to affect these meal-induced changes. However, plasma levels may be underestimated as we can demonstrate a spike in lipoprotein-associated biomarkers of oxidative stress resulting from the release oxidatively modified epitopes from the arterial wall by an intravenous bolus of heparin

Retrieval of interatomic separations of molecules from laser-induced high-order harmonic spectra

We illustrate an iterative method for retrieving the internuclear separations of N$_2$, O$_2$ and CO$_2$ molecules using the high-order harmonics generated from these molecules by intense infrared laser pulses. We show that accurate results can be retrieved with a small set of harmonics and with one or few alignment angles of the molecules. For linear molecules the internuclear separations can also be retrieved from harmonics generated using isotropically distributed molecules. By extracting the transition dipole moment from the high-order harmonic spectra, we further demonstrated that it is preferable to retrieve the interatomic separation iteratively by fitting the extracted dipole moment. Our results show that time-resolved chemical imaging of molecules using infrared laser pulses with femtosecond temporal resolutions is possible.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure

VIBRATION OF FGSW BEAMS UNDER NONUNIFORM MOTION OF MOVING LOAD USING AN EFFICIENT THIRD-ORDER SHEAR DEFORMATION FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION

Vibration of functionally graded sandwich (FGSW) beams under nonuniform motion of a moving load is studied using a third-order shear deformation finite element formulation. The beams consists three layers, a homogeneous ceramic core and two functionally graded faces. Instead of the rotation, the finite element formulation is derived by using the transverse shear rotation as a unknown. Newmark method is used to compute the dynamic response of the beams. Numerical result reveals that the derived formulation is efficient, and it is capable to give accurate vibration characteristics by a small number of the elements. A parametric study is carried out to illustrate the effects of the material distribution, layer thickness ratio and moving load speed on the dynamic behavior of the beams. The influence of acceleration and deceleration of the moving load on the vibration of the beams is also examined and discussed