Accumulation and Changes in Composition of Collagens in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue After Bariatric Surgery

International audienceExtracellular matrix (ECM) in sc adipose tissue (scAT) undergoes pathological remodeling during obesity. However, its evolution during weight loss remains poorly explored.Objective:The objective of the investigation was to study the histological, transcriptomic, and physical characteristics of scAT ECM remodeling during the first year of bariatric surgery (BS)-induced weight loss and their relationships with metabolic and bioclinical improvements.Design, Setting, Patients, and Interventions:A total of 118 morbidly obese candidates for BS were recruited and followed up during 1 year after BS.Main Outcome Measures:scAT surgical biopsy and needle aspiration as well as scAT stiffness measurement were performed in three subgroups before and after BS. Fourteen nonobese, nondiabetic subjects served as controls.Results:Significantly increased picrosirius-red-stained collagen accumulation in scAT after BS was observed along with fat mass loss, despite metabolic and inflammatory improvements and undetectable changes of scAT stiffness. Collagen accumulation positively associated with M2-macrophages (CD163+ cells) before BS but negatively afterward. Expression levels of genes encoding ECM components (eg, COL3A1, COL6A1, COL6A2, ELN), cross-linking enzymes (eg, lysyl oxidase [LOX], LOXL4, transglutaminase), metalloproteinases, and their inhibitors were modified 1 year after BS. LOX expression and protein were significantly decreased and associated with decreased fat mass as well as other cross-linking enzymes. Although total collagen I and VI staining decreased 1 year after BS, we found increased degraded collagen I and III in scAT, suggesting increased degradation.Conclusions:After BS-induced weight loss and related metabolic improvements, scAT displays major collagen remodeling with an increased picrosirius-red staining that relates to increased collagen degradation and importantly decreased cross-linking. These features are in agreement with adequate ECM adaptation during fat mass loss- See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/10.1210/jc.2015-3348#sthash.PLeUvzKd.dpu

10. Malades, victimes ou coupables ? Les dilemmes des luttes contre le sida

Commentant l’entrée de l’association Act Up Paris dans l’arène des acteurs engagés sur la question du sida en France, Michaël Pollak faisait en 1991 la réflexion suivante : « Pour passer du sentiment de subir un destin biologique à celui d’être victime d’une injustice, il faut qu’un responsable humain soit désigné aux côtés du virus. » L’histoire de l’épidémie et celle des mobilisations collectives face à celle-ci ont en effet donné à voir à de nombreuses reprises les enjeux soulevés par la q..

Les cellules souches : outils prometteurs de la thérapie régénatrice

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Performance improvement of a measurement station for superconducting cable test

A fully digital system, improving measurements flexibility, integrator drift, and current control of superconducting transformers for cable test, is proposed. The system is based on a high-performance integration of Rogowski coil signal and a flexible direct control of the current into the secondary windings. This allows state-of-the-art performance to be overcome by means of out-of-the-shelf components: on a full-scale of 32 kA, current measurement resolution of 1 A, stability below 0.25 Amin-1, and controller ripple less than 50 ppm. The system effectiveness has been demonstrated experimentally on the superconducting transformer of the Facility for the Research of Superconducting Cables at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)

Characterization of IrSPI, a tick serine protease inhibitor involved in tick feeding and in bacterial infection of salivary glands

International audienc

Characterization of IrSPI, a tick serine protease inhibitor involved in tick feeding and in bacterial infection of salivary glands

International audienc

Characterization of IrSPI, a tick serine protease inhibitor involved in tick feeding and in bacterial infection of salivary glands

International audienc

Mechanical Consolidation of the LHC Inner Triplet Magnet Supporting System for Remote Alignment

Given the high radiation area and the tight alignment tolerances, the LHC inner triplet magnets were designed to be realigned remotely using motorized supporting jacks. However, during run 2 the LHC triplet realignment system started to show an unexpected behavior with erratic load variations on the magnet supporting jacks when operated. It was then decided to freeze any further realignment of the LHC triplet magnet for the remainder of the run. Subsequently, a project team was set up at CERN to understand better the conditions leading to such unexpected behavior and to study and propose a technical consolidation for the realignment system of the LHC triplet magnet. A fully instrumented magnet string using LHC triplet spare magnets was assembled and used at CERN to provide a realistic test bench for this study. This paper reports on the work undertaken to study the triplet magnet overall realignment kinematic, the findings on the readjustment system malfunction and details the consolidation solution implemented for the next LHC ru