Integrative and comparative genomic analyses identify clinically relevant pulmonary carcinoid groups and unveil the supra-carcinoids

International audienceThe worldwide incidence of pulmonary carcinoids is increasing, but little is known about their molecular characteristics. Through machine learning and multi-omics factor analysis, we compare and contrast the genomic profiles of 116 pulmonary carcinoids (including 35 atypical), 75 large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC), and 66 small-cell lung cancers. Here we report that the integrative analyses on 257 lung neuroendocrine neoplasms stratify atypical carcinoids into two prognostic groups with a 10-year overall survival of 88% and 27%, respectively. We identify therapeutically relevant molecular groups of pulmonary car-cinoids, suggesting DLL3 and the immune system as candidate therapeutic targets; we confirm the value of OTP expression levels for the prognosis and diagnosis of these diseases, and we unveil the group of supra-carcinoids. This group comprises samples with carcinoid-like morphology yet the molecular and clinical features of the deadly LCNEC, further supporting the previously proposed molecular link between the low-and high-grade lung neuroendocrine neoplasms

Integration of a Complex Learning Object in a Web-Based Interactive Learning System

International audienceUsually, learning objects are described and indexed in repositories using metadata so that users can select them to create new on line courses. What must the granularity level of these metadata be to make them fit the learners’ needs? We describe here the problems encountered in integrating a complex learning object to train learners in solving problems in a web-based interactive learning system based on a learner model, and we give a possible solution

Solving Combinatorics Problems: from the Design of a Solving Method to a Training System

International audienc

Propositions d'extensions à IMS-QTI 2.1 pour l'expression de contraintes sur les variables d'exercices mathématiques

National audienceLa spécification IMS-QTI 2.1 permet, via la notion de variable et de contrainte, d'introduire une certaine variabilité dans les descriptions d'exercices destinés au Web. Mais cette possibilité ne suffit pas à traiter les cas où les variables d'un exercice sont interdépendantes. Nous montrons donc les limites de la spécification et en proposons des extensions afin de pouvoir définir des modèles d'exercices mathématiques faisant appel à des variables interdépendantes. Nous présentons ensuite l'éditeur de contraintes QTI_CE générant un fichier QTI 2.1 étendu et permettant à un enseignant auteur d'entrer ses contraintes, de les visualiser et de les tester. Nous décrivons enfin le générateur de pages web dynamiques QTI_WPG permettant, à partir d'un modèle d'exercice QTI 2.1 étendu, de créer autant de « clones » d'un exercice que souhaité

Error Driven Adaptive Training Sequences

International audienceTeachers want to remedy the problem of heterogeneous levels of students before teaching a new concept. To deeply check a competency, we propose a system generating error driven adaptive training sequences. A test is created thanks to a bank of exercises. At each failure, the error detection mechanism is called and each detected misconception is taken into account using corrective exercises associated with explanations. Thus, each student's path in the training sequence is different, adapted to his/her knowledge and tries to remedy his/her misconceptions

Towards Dynamic and Interoperable Educational Contents: Creating an Editorial Chain

International audienceThe advance of technology has now made it possible for learners to learn at their own pace and at the time of their choice; they have at their disposal a variety of exercises created by pedagogues that enable them to acquire particular knowledge. Therefore, creating repositories of interoperable exercises is a challenge we must answer. Here, we describe an editorial chain which allows pedagogues to create patterns of exercises, the parameters of which are chosen in a given domain defined by constraints on these parameters. We discuss our choices - on the representation of the exercises (we choose to implement an extended IMS-QTI v2.1 specification); - on the execution of the exercises (using a clone engine or generating php or jsp files). Then, we show some examples

Design of a learning environment in combinatorics based on problem solving: modeling activities, problems and errors

International audienceIn this paper we present the design of a learning environment in a mathematical domain (elementary combinatorics) where problem solving is based more on modeling than on deduction or calculation. In this approach, we want to provide students with a presentation which is close to the natural language formulations that they tend to give spontaneously, while ensuring a rigorous mathematical reasoning. To do so, we have introduced three modeling levels: first, a mathematical formalization of the students' intuitive process, that we called the constructive method, then a conceptual and computational model that allows mathematical reasoning as well as communication with the student, and finally a presentation consisting of several "machines". We show that, in such a system, error detection is specific. We present an incremental mechanism of error detection. Specific knowledge necessary to detect and explain the errors is organized into a database of error schemas. The system Combien? founded on this research, has been used by university students since 2002

A chain from teacher to student: generating exercise templates in a standard format and executing them on LMS or directly on Web servers

International audienc

Extension of IMS-QTI to express constraints on template variables in mathematics exercises

International audienceWe propose an extension of the IMS-QTI v2 specification to define templates of mathematics exercises with template variables linked by constraints. We describe the various types of constraints we add, then we present functionalities for defining template mathematics exercises and creating associated dynamic web pages