A Note On Sanity In Stage Productions Of Shakespearean Plays

A previously unpublished essay by Edward Gordon Craig which elucidates his ideas about the “right” way to produce Shakespeare. Edited, with notes, by Patrick Le Boeuf

Nine Ways Of Opening \u3ci\u3eMacbeth\u3c/i\u3e

A previously unpublished essay by Edward Gordon Craig in which Craig considers various directorial and casting choices for Shakespeare\u27s Macbeth. Edited, with notes, by Patrick Le Boeuf

Two Unknown Essays By Craig On The Production Of Shakespeare\u27s Plays

In the 1920s and 1930s, Craig drafted two essays on Shakespeare, neither of which was completed nor published. Although they cannot be ranked among Craig’s most inspired writings, these two unfinished essays are of great interest, as they show that Craig, then in his fifties-sixties, was walking on a thin line dividing two most contrasted landscapes: on the one hand he was more attracted than ever to forms of radical modernity, on the other hand he was at risk of indulging in gratuitously archaeological reconstitutions, while being aware of that danger

Hunting and migratory movements of white sharks in the eastern North Pacific

The aim of these studies was to determine local movements of hunting white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) near a seal rookery and global movements during migration. Seven adults were monitored locally with attached ultrasonic tags that received and telemetered animal position and behavior via an array of three-acoustic-positioning (RAP) buoys moored off Ano Nuevo Island, California. Migratory movements of 6 adults departing this island and nearby Southeast Farallon Island were tracked for 2-6 months with attached pop-up satellite archival tags. Sharks began hunting seals at Ano Nuevo Island in October, spending 40% of the day patrolling the 1 km2 receptive field within 400 m of the island at a depth of 30 m or less. For six weeks, they did not stray far or long from the area, were equally active at night as by day, were non-territorial, and fed infrequently. This nearshore phase at both island rookeries ended abruptly in winter as the sharks moved offshore to a region of the subtropical eastern Pacific half way to Hawaii. An adult male went further, traveling to Hawaii where it remained until migrating back to California, only to repeat the journey the following year. Electronic tagging provides vital information on the hunting and migratory behavior of this apex predator

The Role of the Stereociliary Glycocalyx in Hair Bundle Cohesion

The sensory hair cells of the inner ear are exquisitely sensitive machines that translate the broad dynamic range of sound intensities in our auditory landscape into the electrical language of neurons. The mechanosensitive organelle of the hair cell is the hair bundle, a cluster of linked, finger-like, membrane-ensheathed projections, stereocilia, emerging from the cellʼs apical surface. As a structure, the hair bundle is highly conserved, changing little yet performing many functions throughout the vertebrate evolutionary tree. The mechanosensitivity of the hair bundle is achieved by the tension-gating of mechanosensitive channels joined to proteinaceous tip links that connect the distal tips of neighboring stereocilia along the axis of mechanosensitivity. When the hair bundle is deflected and the distal tips of stereocilia shear in relation to one another, tension is applied to the tip links causing the mechanotransduction channels to open. This allows cations to flow in and depolarize the cell membrane triggering synaptic release at the base of the cell, and consequently sending the information to the brain. The cell membranes in the hair bundle face a difficult task when the bundle oscillates in response to sound. For efficient auditory mechanotransduction, it is essential that all stereocilia move nearly in unison, shearing at their distal tips yet maintaining contact without membrane fusion, yet the mechanism producing this cohesion is unknown nor have physical forces associated with it ever been measured. The mechanism I have tested in my doctoral work is that of counterion-mediated tethering of negatively charged sugars on opposing stereociliary membranes. Using capillary electrophoresis, I demonstrated that the stereociliary glycocalyx acts as a negatively charged polymer brush, necessary for the soundness of the glyco-tethering hypothesis. I found by force-fiber photomicrometry that when the distal tips of stereocilia were brought together they formed elastic attachments in a manner dependent on the presence of N-linked sugars and the surrounding ionic environment. Ca2+- and Mg2+-mediated attachments varied in their strength and susceptibility to overcharging, though Mg2+ played a larger role in the observed adhesion. Both partial deglycosylation and removal of divalent ions from surrounding solutions dramatically reduced adhesiveness. During the process of adhesion between the distal tips of stereocilia, chaotic stick-slip friction was observed and appeared qualitatively similar to stick-slip associated with earthquakes. Together, these results indicate that stereocilia are likely to form glycan- and divalent ionmediated attachments to one another that may provide the necessary cohesion for auditory hair bundles. This indicates the importance of the glycocalyx for hearing, and more generally, the biomechanics of cellular adhesion

Book Review: Ould Fields, New Corne: The Personal Memoirs of a Twentieth Century Lawyer

Erwin Griswold, the former dean of Harvard Law School and Solicitor General of the United States, has written a very modest account of his role in shaping American law

Un wiki sémantique basé sur le CIDOC CRM

International audienceCet article présente l'état actuel d'une expérience d'utilisation d'une ontologie de domaine (le CIDOC CRM, relative à la documentation muséographique) comme langage de représentation des connaissances. Les utilisateurs sont des étudiant-e-s de première année de licence STEM, qui pour moitié se destinent à l'informatique, et aux mathématiques ou à la physique pour l'autre moitié. Cette expérience se compose de séances de cours et de travaux pratiques, destinés à appuyer un projet d'écriture collective d'une histoire (ou un jeu) dans un hypertexte appuyé sur les technologies de ce qu'on appelle aujourd'hui le Web 2.0. Par groupe de [1], 2, 3 ou 4, les utilisateurs finaux modélisent, structurent, rédigent et mettent en forme l'histoire (ou le jeu) qu'il-elle-s ont librement choisi de raconter. Leur hypertexte est mis en œuvre dans un wiki sémantique hébergé sur Internet et le public visé est d'abord l'ensemble des étudiant-e-s et leurs réseaux d'" ami-e-s ". La plus grande partie du CIDOC CRM est utilisée comme noyau ontologique auquel les étudiant-e-s accrochent les classes et les propriétés du domaine représenté. En plus des enjeux liés à l'édition collaborative, certaines difficultés de l'expérience sont liées à la rigueur requise dans la structuration et l'édition des connaissances. L'hypothèse est faite que le CIDOC CRM fournit une base de départ stable et extensible, et qu'une fois payé le prix d'entrée au CRM, celui-ci permet de guider assez naturellement l'utilisateur final dans la lecture comme dans l'écriture de l'histoire. Cette expérience avait été conçue notamment dans le but d'attirer des élèves (notamment du sexe féminin) vers les études d'informatique. Très peu d'étudiant-e-s remettent en cause leur choix initial et donc l'approche " marketing " visée par ce cours n'obtient pas le succès escompté. Par contre, le domaine de la gestion des connaissances rencontre un réel succès, ce qui pourrait indiquer que, toutes proportions gardées, certains principes et artefacts de ce cours pourraient contribuer à la diffusion des ontologies et du Web sémantique en général, et du CIDOC CRM en particulier

Using an ontology for interoperability and browsing of museum, library and archive information

Ontologies play an important part in the development of the future ‘semantic web’; the CIDOC conceptual reference model (CRM) is an ontology aimed at the cultural heritage domain. This paper describes a Concept Browser, developed for the EU/IST-funded SCULPTEUR project (semantic and content-based multimedia exploitation for European benefit environment (programme IST-2001-no. 35372); May 2002 to May 2005), which is able to access different museum information systems through a common ontology, the CRM. The development of this Concept Browser has required mappings from the legacy museum database systems to the CRM. The crucial process of creating the mappings is described, using the C2RMF catalogue (EROS) and library databases as a case study